Dawn Lowery 
Gordon Setter
The Gordon Setter is the epitome of Scottish nobility in the canine world, boasting a striking black and tan coat and an unwavering devotion to family. As the largest and heaviest of the setter breeds, these dignified dogs combine impressive working ability with deep loyalty, making them exceptional companions for the right owners. A Gordon Setter in motion is a study in grace and power, moving with purpose and precision that reflects their hunting heritage.
Originally developed in the Scottish Highlands by the 4th Duke of Gordon, these dogs were bred to work the rugged terrain of Scotland, locating game birds with their exceptional scenting ability. Their name "Setter" comes from their characteristic stance of "setting" or crouching low when they locate game, allowing hunters to approach and flush the birds.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about the Gordon Setter—from their fascinating Scottish origins to their specific care requirements and whether this noble, intelligent breed might be the right companion for your lifestyle and experience level.
Basic Information
The Gordon Setter is a large, substantial sporting breed known for its distinctive black and tan coat, intelligence, and loyal nature. These dignified dogs combine working ability with deep devotion to their families.
| Other Names | Black and Tan Setter, Gordon Castle Setter |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Sporting (AKC), Gundog (UK) |
| Origin | Scotland |
| Height | 23-27 inches (males 24-27", females 23-26") |
| Weight | 45-80 pounds (males 55-80, females 45-70) |
| Lifespan | 10-12 years |
| Coat | Soft, shining, straight or slightly wavy |
| Colors | Black with rich chestnut or mahogany tan markings |
| Temperament | Alert, confident, loyal, dignified, capable |
| Energy Level | High - requires substantial daily exercise |
| Good With | Families with older children, experienced owners |
Did You Know?
The Gordon Setter is the only setter breed that originated in Scotland and is the largest of the setter family. The 4th Duke of Gordon, for whom the breed is named, reportedly wouldn't hunt with his setters until they were at least five years old because they matured so slowly and were too wild in their younger years. This slow maturation is still characteristic of the breed today.
History and Origin
The Gordon Setter boasts a rich Scottish heritage dating back to the 17th century, with its development centered around Gordon Castle in Banffshire, Scotland.
Scottish Development
The Gordon Setter was developed from earlier black and tan setting dogs that existed in Scotland for centuries. The breed was systematically developed and refined by Alexander Gordon, the 4th Duke of Gordon, at his Gordon Castle kennels in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The Duke crossed these original setting dogs with Bloodhounds, black and tan Collies, and possibly other breeds to create the substantial, capable hunting dog we know today.
The breed was originally known simply as the "Black and Tan Setter" and was valued for its ability to work the rugged Scottish terrain. The dogs were heavier and more substantial than other setter breeds, giving them the stamina needed for long hunts in challenging conditions. The breed was officially recognized by the Kennel Club in the UK in 1872 and by the American Kennel Club in 1884.
Breed Establishment
The first Gordon Setters were brought to the United States in 1842 by George Blunt, who imported a dog named Rake and a bitch named Rachel from the Duke of Gordon's kennels. Rachel was given to statesman Daniel Webster, who became an enthusiastic promoter of the breed. The Gordon Setter Club of America was founded in 1891 and is one of the oldest breed clubs in America. The breed's name was officially changed from "Black and Tan Setter" to "Gordon Setter" by the American Kennel Club in 1892 in honor of the Duke who had done so much to develop the breed.
Breed Development Timeline
- 17th Century: Early black and tan setting dogs in Scotland
- Late 18th Century: 4th Duke of Gordon establishes breeding program
- 1842: First Gordon Setters imported to United States
- 1872: Recognized by Kennel Club (UK)
- 1884: Recognized by American Kennel Club
- 1891: Gordon Setter Club of America founded
- 1892: Name officially changed to Gordon Setter
- Present Day: Remains a capable hunting dog and loyal companion
Appearance & Physical Traits
The Gordon Setter is a substantial, dignified dog with a striking black and tan coat and balanced, athletic build that conveys both strength and grace.
Physical Characteristics
- Body: Substantial, well-balanced with good bone and strong musculature
- Head: Deep, rather than broad, with a clearly defined stop
- Eyes: Dark brown, bright, with intelligent, kindly expression
- Ears: Set low on head, hanging close, thin and soft to touch
- Tail: Short, carried horizontally or below line of back
- Gait: Powerful, smooth, ground-covering movement
Coat and Colors
The Gordon Setter's coat is one of its most distinctive features:
- Coat Type: Soft and shining, straight or slightly wavy
- Color Pattern: Always black with tan markings
- Marking Locations: Two clear spots above eyes, on muzzle, throat, chest, legs, vent
- Acceptable Colors: Black with rich chestnut or mahogany tan
- Disqualifications: Predominantly red, straw, or liver; excessive white
Size and Proportion
Gordon Setters are the largest of the setter breeds:
- Height: Males 24-27 inches; females 23-26 inches at shoulder
- Weight: Males 55-80 pounds; females 45-70 pounds
- Build: Slightly longer than tall, substantial but not bulky
- Substance: Good bone and strong musculature for endurance
Temperament & Personality
The Gordon Setter's temperament combines dignified reserve with deep loyalty and intelligence, creating a complex personality that requires understanding and proper training.
Dignified & Noble
Gordon Setters carry themselves with natural nobility and are known for their calm, dignified bearing. They approach life with seriousness and purpose that reflects their aristocratic heritage.
Loyal & Devoted
These dogs form intense bonds with their families and are profoundly loyal. They thrive on companionship and want to be involved in all family activities, often following their owners from room to room.
Intelligent & Capable
Gordon Setters are highly intelligent with excellent problem-solving abilities. They learn quickly but may question commands that don't seem purposeful, requiring patient, consistent training.
Alert & Watchful
With their natural guarding instincts, Gordon Setters are always aware of their surroundings. They make excellent watchdogs who will alert to anything unusual while remaining reserved with strangers.
Important Temperament Considerations
Gordon Setters are slow to mature both physically and mentally, often not reaching full maturity until three years of age or older. They maintain puppy-like characteristics well into adulthood and require patient handling during this extended development period. Their intelligence and independence mean they need consistent, firm but gentle training. Early and extensive socialization is crucial to ensure they develop appropriate behaviors around strangers and other animals. Gordon Setters are sensitive dogs who respond poorly to harsh training methods. They thrive on positive reinforcement and clear, consistent leadership. Their strong hunting instincts mean they may chase small animals, so secure containment is essential.
Temperament Traits
Exercise & Activity Needs
Gordon Setters are active sporting dogs that require substantial daily exercise and mental stimulation to stay healthy and content.
Daily Exercise
60-90 Minutes
Vigorous running, long walks, or hiking. Gordon Setters need opportunities to stretch their legs and run at full speed in safely enclosed areas to satisfy their high energy needs.
Mental stimulation is as important as physical exercise.
Structured Activities
30-45 Minutes
Field work, agility, obedience training, or other dog sports. These intelligent dogs thrive when given purposeful work and challenges that engage their minds.
Fulfills their natural working instincts.
Mental Stimulation
Daily
Puzzle toys, scent work, and training games provide necessary mental challenges. Their intelligent nature needs regular engagement to prevent boredom.
Prevents destructive behaviors from boredom.
Weekly Exercise Schedule
- Daily: 60-90 minutes of vigorous exercise + mental stimulation
- 4-5 times per week: Structured training or working activities
- Weekly: Opportunities for off-leash running in secure areas
- Ongoing: Access to safe exploration and sniffing opportunities
Exercise Considerations
Gordon Setter puppies should not be over-exercised during their growth period to protect developing joints. Avoid strenuous exercise like long runs or jumping until they reach physical maturity around 18-24 months. Always use a sturdy leash or secure fencing, as their strong prey drive may cause them to follow interesting scents and ignore recall commands. These dogs excel at various dog sports including field trials, agility, obedience, and tracking, which provide excellent physical and mental outlets. Gordon Setters are generally good in various weather conditions but should be protected from extreme heat due to their dark coat. They thrive when given jobs to do and enjoy participating in activities that engage their natural hunting instincts.
Diet & Nutrition
Proper nutrition is essential for Gordon Setters, who require a balanced diet to support their large size, energy needs, and overall health.
Puppy Diet
0-18 Months
High-quality large breed puppy food formulated for controlled growth, fed 3-4 times daily. Proper calcium-phosphorus balance is crucial for bone development in large breeds.
Puppies need frequent, measured meals for proper skeletal growth.
Adult Diet
1.5-7 Years
High-quality adult dog food with balanced protein and controlled calories. Active adults typically need 3-4 cups daily, divided into two meals to prevent bloat.
Adjust portions based on activity level and metabolism.
Senior Diet
7+ Years
Senior formula with joint support, controlled calories, and adjusted nutrient levels. Monitor weight as metabolism slows and adjust portions accordingly.
Seniors may need smaller, more frequent meals.
Nutritional Requirements
- Protein: High-quality sources for muscle maintenance (22-26%)
- Fat: Moderate levels for energy without excessive weight gain
- Joint Support: Glucosamine and chondroitin for large breed joint health
- Omega Fatty Acids: Support skin, coat, and overall health
- Portion Control: Critical to prevent obesity and related health issues
Feeding Considerations
Gordon Setters are deep-chested dogs prone to bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus), a life-threatening condition. Feed multiple small meals rather than one large meal, and avoid vigorous exercise before and after eating. Elevated feeding stations may actually increase bloat risk. Use slow feeder bowls if your dog eats too quickly. Always provide fresh water and monitor for food allergies, which can manifest as skin issues. Gordon Setters can be prone to obesity, which can exacerbate joint problems, so careful portion control is essential. Consult your veterinarian for specific dietary recommendations based on your Gordon Setter's age, activity level, and health status.
Health & Care
Gordon Setters are generally healthy with a lifespan of 10-12 years, but like many large breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions.
Common Health Concerns
| Health Condition | Description | Prevention/Management |
|---|---|---|
| Hip Dysplasia | Developmental abnormality of hip joints | Weight management, proper nutrition, screening breeding dogs |
| Elbow Dysplasia | Developmental abnormality of elbow joints | Controlled exercise during growth, weight management |
| Bloat (GDV) | Life-threatening stomach torsion | Multiple small meals, no exercise around mealtimes, preventive surgery |
| Progressive Retinal Atrophy | Degenerative eye disease leading to blindness | DNA testing of breeding dogs, regular eye exams |
| Hypothyroidism | Underactive thyroid affecting metabolism | Regular screening, medication management |
| Cerebellar Abiotrophy | Inherited neurological condition affecting coordination | DNA testing of breeding dogs |
Grooming Requirements
The Gordon Setter's beautiful coat requires regular maintenance to keep it healthy and looking its best.
Regular Brushing
2-3 Times Weekly
Regular brushing with slicker brush and comb to prevent mats and remove dead hair. Pay special attention to feathering on ears, legs, chest, and tail.
More frequent brushing during seasonal shedding.
Professional Grooming
Every 6-8 Weeks
Regular trimming, ear cleaning, and nail care. Many owners prefer professional grooming to maintain the breed's characteristic appearance.
Working dogs may be kept in a shorter trim.
Preventive Care
- Regular Veterinary Visits: Annual check-ups, more frequently for seniors
- Dental Care: Daily brushing and professional cleanings as needed
- Weight Management: Regular monitoring to prevent joint stress
- Ear Care: Weekly cleaning and inspection of floppy ears
- Parasite Prevention: Regular flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
Training & Behavior
Training a Gordon Setter requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of their intelligent but independent nature.
Training Approach
- Positive Reinforcement: Use reward-based training with high-value treats, praise, and play
- Early Start: Begin training and socialization from 8-10 weeks old
- Consistency: Establish clear rules and expectations from the beginning
- Patience: Gordon Setters mature slowly and require extended training periods
- Short Sessions: Keep training brief and engaging to maintain focus
Socialization Needs
Early and extensive socialization is crucial for Gordon Setters:
- Puppy Classes: Enroll in puppy kindergarten for early socialization
- Various Environments: Expose to different people, places, and situations
- Controlled Introductions: Supervised meetings with various people and animals
- Positive Experiences: Ensure new experiences are positive and not overwhelming
Training Tips
Gordon Setters respond best to positive reinforcement methods and patient, consistent training. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may challenge commands that seem arbitrary. Socialization is particularly important to ensure they can distinguish between normal situations and genuine threats. Their hunting instincts mean they need to learn appropriate boundaries with small animals. Training should focus on establishing reliable obedience and solid manners. Remember that Gordon Setters mature slowly and may not reach full mental maturity until 2-3 years of age. Be patient and consistent, and celebrate small victories. These dogs excel when given jobs to do and enjoy participating in canine sports that utilize their natural abilities.
Common Behavioral Issues
- Separation Anxiety: May develop if left alone too much
- Destructive Behavior: If under-exercised or bored
- Chasing Instincts: Strong prey drive toward small animals
- Stubbornness: May ignore commands if not properly motivated
- Jumping Up: Exuberant greeting behavior, especially in young dogs
Living Environment
Gordon Setters thrive best in homes with ample space, regular outdoor access, and families who can provide the attention and exercise they need.
Ideal Home Setup
- Space: Best suited for homes with large, securely fenced yards Secure Fencing: Essential due to their hunting instincts and potential to roam
- Indoor Access: Should live indoors as part of the family
- Comfortable Resting: Orthopedic beds to support joints
Family Compatibility
- Children: Good with respectful older children; supervision with young children
- Other Pets: May be challenging with small pets; can get along with other dogs when properly socialized
- Seniors: May be suitable for active seniors who can provide proper exercise
- First-time Owners: Not recommended; better for experienced dog owners
Important Considerations
Gordon Setters are large, active dogs that require proper containment and supervision. Their strong prey drive means they may chase small animals, so secure fencing is essential. They need consistent leadership and boundaries to thrive as family companions. Their size and strength require owners who can physically manage them. Potential owners should be prepared for their slow maturation process and need for early and ongoing socialization. Gordon Setters are best suited for households where someone is home regularly, as they thrive on companionship and can develop separation anxiety if left alone for long periods. They're sensitive to their owner's emotions and do best in stable, predictable environments.
Best Living Situation
The ideal home for a Gordon Setter is with an individual or family who:
- Has experience with large, active breeds
- Can provide substantial daily exercise and mental stimulation
- Has a securely fenced yard or access to safe running areas
- Values a loyal, dignified companion
- Has time for regular grooming and training
Cost & Availability
Gordon Setters are a less common breed with specific considerations regarding cost and availability.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase Price | $1,000 - $2,000+ | From reputable breeders; show quality at higher end |
| Adoption Fee | $300 - $600 | From shelters or breed-specific rescues |
| Initial Supplies | $500 - $800 | Crate, bed, bowls, collar, leash, grooming tools |
| Initial Vet Care | $400 - $700 | Exams, vaccinations, spay/neuter, microchip |
| Training Classes | $150 - $400 | Puppy kindergarten and basic obedience |
Annual Costs
- Food: $700 - $1,000 for high-quality dog food
- Veterinary Care: $500 - $900 for routine care and potential health issues
- Grooming: $600 - $1,200 for professional grooming every 6-8 weeks
- Preventive Medications: $300 - $500 for flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
- Training/Activities: $200 - $500 for ongoing classes or activities
- Miscellaneous: $300 - $600 for toys, treats, replacements
Availability
- Breeders: Reputable breeders available but less common than some breeds
- Rescues: Available through shelters and breed-specific rescues
- Popularity: Ranked 99th in AKC popularity (2023)
- Geographic Variation: More common in hunting regions
- Waiting Period: Often wait for puppies from reputable breeders
Similar Breeds
If you're interested in the Gordon Setter but want to explore similar breeds, consider these alternatives:
Irish Setter
Similar setter heritage and hunting ability but with solid mahogany coat and different temperament. Generally more energetic and exuberant with different exercise needs.
English Setter
Similar setter heritage and hunting ability but with white coat with markings and different appearance. Generally more gentle and slightly less substantial in build.
Irish Red & White Setter
Similar setter heritage and hunting ability but with distinctive red and white coat. Generally considered closer to original working setter type with different energy requirements.
Flat-Coated Retriever
Similar sporting heritage and energy level but with different coat and retrieving focus. Generally more exuberant and playful with different hunting style.
Frequently Asked Questions
Gordon Setters can be excellent family pets for the right families. They're deeply loyal, affectionate with their families, and generally good with respectful older children. However, their large size, high energy level, and slow maturation mean they're best suited for experienced dog owners who can provide proper training, socialization, and management. They need families who understand and respect their hunting heritage and can provide the structure and leadership they require. With proper training and socialization, they can be wonderful family companions, but they're not recommended for first-time dog owners or families with very young children due to their size and strength.
Gordon Setters need at least 60-90 minutes of vigorous exercise daily, plus mental stimulation. They appreciate having a job to do or structured activities that engage both their body and mind. Their exercise should include daily opportunities for running in securely fenced areas, long walks or hikes, and activities that challenge their intelligence. Mental stimulation is particularly important for this intelligent breed. They're generally calm indoors when properly exercised but need regular outdoor activity. It's important to balance sufficient exercise with joint protection, especially during their growth period. Puppies should not be over-exercised to protect developing joints.
Gordon Setters can get along with other dogs, especially when properly socialized from puppyhood. However, their strong hunting instincts mean they may chase cats or other small pets, particularly if they run. Early socialization and training can help manage this instinct, but careful supervision is always recommended. Many Gordon Setters can learn to coexist peacefully with cats they're raised with, but their hunting instincts may still emerge. Introductions to other pets should be done gradually and under controlled circumstances. With proper management, many Gordon Setters live happily with other animals, but their interactions should always be supervised, especially with smaller pets.
Gordon Setters are intelligent and capable learners, but they can be independent and strong-willed, which can make training challenging for inexperienced owners. They respond best to positive reinforcement methods, consistency, and patience. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may choose not to obey commands if they see no benefit. Training should be engaging and varied to maintain their interest. Early socialization and obedience training are crucial for developing a well-mannered adult. While they're not the easiest breed to train, dedicated owners who use positive methods and understand the setter personality can achieve excellent results. Their slow maturation means training requires extended patience.
Gordon Setters are alert watchdogs who tend to bark to announce visitors or unusual occurrences. This makes them excellent alarm systems but potentially vocal companions. Their barking can be managed with proper training from an early age. Teaching a "quiet" command, providing adequate exercise and mental stimulation, and not reinforcing barking behavior can help control excessive vocalization. However, prospective owners should understand that some level of alert barking is natural for this breed. They're generally not constant barkers without reason, but they will sound the alarm when they perceive something worthy of attention, making them effective watchdogs.
The average lifespan of a Gordon Setter is 10-12 years, which is typical for large breeds. With excellent care, some individuals may live slightly longer. Factors that influence lifespan include genetics, diet, exercise, preventive veterinary care, and management of breed-specific health issues. Providing a healthy lifestyle with proper weight management, regular veterinary check-ups, attention to joint health, and prompt treatment of any health concerns can help ensure your Gordon Setter lives a long, healthy life. Like all large breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions like hip dysplasia and bloat that can affect quality of life and longevity.
Gordon Setters are generally not recommended for first-time dog owners due to their size, strength, intelligence, strong hunting instincts, and slow maturation. Their independent nature and potential stubbornness can be challenging for inexperienced owners. First-time owners may find their energy level and exercise requirements overwhelming. However, a dedicated first-time owner who does thorough research, works with experienced trainers, commits to proper socialization, and is fully prepared for the breed's needs could potentially succeed with a Gordon Setter. Most experts recommend starting with a less challenging breed for completely novice owners.
Gordon Setters have moderate to high grooming requirements. Their beautiful black and tan coat requires regular brushing 2-3 times per week to prevent mats and tangles, with more frequent attention during seasonal shedding. Many owners opt for professional grooming every 6-8 weeks to maintain the breed's characteristic appearance. Their floppy ears require weekly cleaning to prevent infections, and their nails need regular trimming. While they're not the highest maintenance breed in terms of grooming, they do require more care than short-coated breeds. Regular grooming not only keeps them looking their best but also provides an opportunity to check for health issues and strengthen the bond between dog and owner.
Bottom Line: Is a Gordon Setter Right for You?
The Gordon Setter is a magnificent breed with a rich Scottish heritage, combining noble dignity, intelligence, and unwavering loyalty. These substantial dogs form deep bonds with their families and take their roles as companions seriously. However, they're not the right choice for everyone. Their large size, high exercise requirements, strong hunting instincts, and slow maturation require experienced handling, proper socialization, and consistent training. They thrive in homes with clear leadership and families who understand and respect their working heritage. If you're an experienced dog owner looking for a loyal, dignified companion and are prepared for their specific needs—including substantial exercise, consistent training, and proper management—the Gordon Setter might be your perfect match. This noble Scottish breed rewards dedicated owners with fierce loyalty, quiet dignity, and hunting prowess that has made them valued companions for centuries.
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