Andrea Arden 
English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) | The Ultimate Breed Guide
The English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) is a refined and elegant small breed with a rich history dating back centuries in England. Known for their sleek black and tan coat, athletic build, and alert expression, these dogs combine the grace of a miniature athlete with the intelligence and spirit of their terrier heritage. Despite their small size, they possess a confident and courageous nature that belies their delicate appearance.
Originally bred for ratting and as companions for nobility, English Toy Terriers have evolved into devoted family pets while retaining their keen intelligence and lively personality. Their compact size makes them well-suited to various living situations, from apartments to country homes, as long as their exercise and companionship needs are met.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about the English Toy Terrier—from their fascinating history as ratting dogs and aristocratic companions to their specific care requirements and whether this elegant, intelligent breed might be the right companion for your lifestyle.
Basic Information
The English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) is a small, elegant terrier breed known for its sleek black and tan coat, alert expression, and lively personality. These dogs combine the grace of a miniature athlete with the intelligence and spirit of their terrier heritage.
| Other Names | ETT, Toy Manchester Terrier |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Toy (AKC), Toy (UKC) |
| Origin | England |
| Height | 10-12 inches |
| Weight | 6-8 pounds |
| Lifespan | 12-13 years |
| Coat | Short, sleek, close-lying |
| Colors | Black with defined tan markings |
| Temperament | Alert, intelligent, affectionate, spirited |
| Energy Level | Moderate - requires regular daily exercise |
| Good With | Families, singles, seniors, older children |
Did You Know?
The English Toy Terrier shares its origins with the Manchester Terrier and was originally known as the Black and Tan Terrier. During the Victorian era, they were popular as ratters in homes and factories, where their small size allowed them to access tight spaces. They were also favored by nobility as elegant companions. The breed was recognized by the Kennel Club (UK) in 1962 and by the American Kennel Club in 1886. Despite their small stature, English Toy Terriers have been successful in various dog sports including agility, obedience, and earthdog trials, demonstrating their intelligence and versatility.
History and Origin
The English Toy Terrier has a rich history dating back to 16th century England, where it was developed from larger terrier breeds to create an elegant companion and efficient ratter.
Development in England
The English Toy Terrier descends from the old Black and Tan Terrier, a breed that was common throughout England for centuries. These dogs were valued for their ability to control rat populations in homes, barns, and factories. During the Industrial Revolution, as people moved to cities and lived in smaller spaces, there was increased demand for smaller versions of these efficient ratters.
Selective breeding produced the miniature version we know today, which retained the working abilities and intelligence of its larger ancestors while acquiring a more refined appearance suitable for companionship. The breed became particularly popular during the Victorian era, when they were favored by aristocracy as elegant lap dogs while still being employed for practical vermin control.
Breed Recognition and Development
The English Toy Terrier was first shown in England in the early 19th century. The breed was officially recognized by the Kennel Club in 1962, separating it from the Manchester Terrier with which it had been previously grouped. The American Kennel Club recognized the breed (as the Toy Manchester Terrier) in 1886. The breed faced significant challenges during World War II, when breeding programs were disrupted and numbers declined dramatically. Dedicated breeders worked to revive the breed after the war, focusing on preserving its distinctive characteristics while ensuring health and temperament. Today, the English Toy Terrier remains a relatively rare breed with a dedicated following of enthusiasts who appreciate its unique combination of elegance, intelligence, and terrier spirit.
Breed Development Timeline
- 16th Century: Origins in England as Black and Tan Terriers
- Early 19th Century: Development of smaller toy variety begins
- Victorian Era: Peak popularity as both ratter and companion
- 1886: Recognized by American Kennel Club
- World War II: Population declines dramatically
- 1962: Officially recognized by Kennel Club (UK) as separate breed
- Present Day: Rare breed with dedicated following
Appearance & Physical Traits
The English Toy Terrier is a compact, elegant dog with a sleek black and tan coat and distinctive terrier features that reflect its working heritage.
Physical Characteristics
- Body: Compact, muscular, and well-balanced with graceful outline
- Head: Long, narrow, and wedge-shaped with flat skull
- Eyes: Small, almond-shaped, dark, and sparkling
- Ears: Naturally erect, candle-flame shaped, set high on head
- Tail: Medium length, set low, tapering to point
- Gait: Free, agile, and graceful with good reach and drive
Coat and Colors
The English Toy Terrier's distinctive coat is short, sleek, and requires minimal maintenance:
- Coat Type: Short, close, smooth, glossy, and firm to the touch
- Color Pattern: Jet black with rich mahogany tan markings
- Markings: Clear tan on muzzle, cheeks, chest, legs, and vent
- Coat Care: Minimal grooming required; occasional brushing
- Disqualifications: Any color other than black with defined tan markings
Size and Proportion
English Toy Terriers are small but substantial dogs:
- Height: 10-12 inches at the shoulder
- Weight: 6-8 pounds
- Build: Compact and well-muscled without being bulky
- Substance: Surprisingly solid for their size with good bone
Temperament & Personality
The English Toy Terrier's temperament combines intelligence, alertness, and affection with typical terrier spirit and courage.
Intelligent & Alert
English Toy Terriers are highly intelligent and observant dogs. They're quick to learn and always aware of their surroundings, making them excellent watchdogs despite their small size.
Affectionate & Devoted
These dogs form strong bonds with their families and thrive on companionship. They're known for their loyalty and enjoy being involved in all family activities.
Spirited & Courageous
Despite their small size, English Toy Terriers possess the courage and determination of their terrier ancestors. They're confident dogs who aren't easily intimidated.
Playful & Energetic
English Toy Terriers maintain a playful, puppy-like attitude throughout their lives. They enjoy games and activities that challenge both their body and mind.
Important Temperament Considerations
English Toy Terriers are intelligent, sensitive dogs that respond best to positive reinforcement training methods. Their terrier heritage means they can be independent thinkers and may challenge authority if not properly trained. Early and extensive socialization is crucial to ensure they develop appropriate behaviors around other dogs and people. Their high intelligence means they need mental stimulation to prevent boredom, which can lead to destructive behaviors. English Toy Terriers can be reserved with strangers but are typically affectionate with their families. They may have a high prey drive and chase small animals, so secure containment is essential. These dogs are sensitive to their owner's tone and respond poorly to harsh training methods. They thrive on positive reinforcement and clear, consistent communication.
Temperament Traits
Exercise & Activity Needs
English Toy Terriers are moderately energetic dogs that require regular daily exercise and mental stimulation to stay healthy and well-behaved.
Daily Exercise
30-45 Minutes
Regular walks, play sessions, and opportunities to run in secure areas. English Toy Terriers enjoy having space to explore but adapt well to apartment living with proper exercise.
Mental stimulation is as important as physical exercise.
Structured Activities
15-30 Minutes
Obedience training, agility, or other dog sports. These intelligent dogs thrive when given purposeful work and challenges that engage their minds.
Fulfills their natural intelligence and working instincts.
Mental Stimulation
Daily
Puzzle toys, scent work, and training games provide necessary mental challenges. Their intelligent nature needs regular engagement to prevent boredom.
Prevents destructive behaviors from boredom.
Weekly Exercise Schedule
- Daily: 30-45 minutes of exercise + mental stimulation
- 4-5 times per week: Structured training or working activities
- Weekly: Opportunities for off-leash running in secure areas
- Ongoing: Access to safe exploration and sniffing opportunities
Exercise Considerations
English Toy Terrier puppies should not be over-exercised during their growth period to protect developing joints. Avoid strenuous exercise like long runs or jumping until they reach physical maturity around 12-18 months. Always use a secure harness rather than a collar for walks, as their slender necks can be sensitive. These dogs excel at various dog sports including agility, obedience, and earthdog trials, which provide excellent physical and mental outlets. English Toy Terriers are sensitive to extreme temperatures, so exercise should be adjusted accordingly in very hot or cold weather. They thrive when given jobs to do and enjoy participating in activities that engage their natural intelligence and problem-solving abilities.
Diet & Nutrition
Proper nutrition is essential for English Toy Terriers, who require a balanced diet to support their active lifestyle and maintain optimal health.
Puppy Diet
0-12 Months
High-quality small breed puppy food formulated for controlled growth, fed 3-4 times daily. Proper nutrition supports healthy bone and joint development.
Puppies need frequent, measured meals for proper growth.
Adult Diet
1-7 Years
High-quality adult dog food with balanced protein and controlled calories. Adults typically need 1/2 to 3/4 cup daily, divided into two meals.
Adjust portions based on activity level and metabolism.
Senior Diet
7+ Years
Senior formula with joint support, controlled calories, and adjusted nutrient levels. Monitor weight and adjust portions as activity decreases.
Seniors may need smaller, more frequent meals.
Nutritional Requirements
- Protein: High-quality sources for muscle maintenance (22-26%)
- Fat: Moderate levels for energy without excessive weight gain
- Joint Support: Glucosamine and chondroitin for active dogs
- Omega Fatty Acids: Support skin, coat, and overall health
- Portion Control: Critical to prevent obesity and related health issues
Feeding Considerations
English Toy Terriers can be prone to dental issues, so dental health should be considered in their diet. Some individuals may be sensitive to certain ingredients or have food allergies. Avoid free-feeding and measure all meals to prevent obesity. Use slow feeder bowls if your dog eats too quickly. Always provide fresh water. English Toy Terriers can be prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially as puppies, so regular feeding schedules are important. Consult your veterinarian for specific dietary recommendations based on your English Toy Terrier's age, activity level, and health status.
Health & Care
English Toy Terriers are generally healthy with a lifespan of 12-13 years, but like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions.
Common Health Concerns
| Health Condition | Description | Prevention/Management |
|---|---|---|
| Luxating Patella | Dislocation of kneecap | Weight management, proper nutrition, screening breeding dogs |
| Dental Issues | Crowded teeth, periodontal disease | Regular dental care, professional cleanings, appropriate chew toys |
| Eye Conditions | Progressive retinal atrophy, cataracts | Regular eye exams, genetic testing of breeding dogs |
| Heart Issues | Mitral valve disease, heart murmurs | Regular veterinary check-ups, cardiac screening |
| Hypoglycemia | Low blood sugar, especially in puppies | Regular feeding schedule, monitoring for symptoms |
| Skin Issues | Allergies, color dilution alopecia | Proper grooming, allergy management, veterinary care |
Grooming Requirements
The English Toy Terrier's sleek coat requires minimal maintenance to keep it healthy and looking its best.
Regular Brushing
1-2 Times Weekly
Regular brushing with soft bristle brush or grooming mitt to remove dead hair and distribute skin oils. Regular ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental care are also essential.
More frequent brushing during seasonal shedding.
Bathing
As Needed
Bathing only when necessary with gentle dog shampoo to maintain natural oils. Over-bathing can dry out their skin and coat.
Use dog-specific products to maintain coat health.
Preventive Care
- Regular Veterinary Visits: Annual check-ups, more frequently for seniors
- Dental Care: Daily brushing and professional cleanings as needed
- Weight Management: Regular monitoring to prevent joint stress
- Ear Care: Weekly cleaning and inspection
- Parasite Prevention: Regular flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
Training & Behavior
Training an English Toy Terrier requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of their intelligent but sensitive nature.
Training Approach
- Positive Reinforcement: Use reward-based training with high-value treats, praise, and play
- Early Start: Begin training and socialization from 8-10 weeks old
- Consistency: Establish clear rules and expectations from the beginning
- Patience: English Toy Terriers are sensitive and respond poorly to harsh methods
- Short Sessions: Keep training brief and engaging to maintain focus
Socialization Needs
Early and extensive socialization is crucial for English Toy Terriers:
- Puppy Classes: Enroll in puppy kindergarten for early socialization
- Various Environments: Expose to different people, places, and situations
- Controlled Introductions: Supervised meetings with various people and animals
- Positive Experiences: Ensure new experiences are positive and not overwhelming
Training Tips
English Toy Terriers respond best to positive reinforcement methods and patient, consistent training. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may be sensitive to tone and body language. Socialization is particularly important to ensure they develop appropriate behaviors around other dogs and people. Their terrier instincts mean they need to learn appropriate boundaries with small animals. Training should focus on establishing reliable obedience and solid manners. Remember that English Toy Terriers are sensitive dogs who thrive on positive interactions with their owners. Be patient and consistent, and celebrate small victories. These dogs excel when given jobs to do and enjoy participating in canine sports that utilize their natural intelligence and problem-solving abilities.
Common Behavioral Issues
- Separation Anxiety: Can develop if not properly acclimated to alone time
- Barking: Alert barking at noises or movement
- Stubbornness: May ignore commands if not properly motivated
- Chasing: Strong prey drive toward small animals
- Nervousness: Can develop without proper socialization
Living Environment
English Toy Terriers are adaptable dogs that can thrive in various living situations when their exercise and companionship needs are met.
Ideal Home Setup
- Space: Well-suited for apartments and smaller homes
- Secure Fencing: Important due to their potential to chase small animals
- Indoor Access: Should live indoors as part of the family
- Comfortable Resting: Soft beds in warm, draft-free areas
Family Compatibility
- Children: Good with respectful older children; supervision with young children
- Other Pets: May be challenging with small pets; can get along with other dogs when properly socialized
- Seniors: Excellent companions for active seniors
- First-time Owners: Good choice with commitment to training and socialization
Important Considerations
English Toy Terriers are small, delicate dogs that require careful handling and supervision, especially around young children. Their slender build makes them susceptible to injury from falls or rough play. They need consistent leadership and boundaries to thrive as family companions. Their size makes them suitable for various living situations, but they should never be left outdoors unsupervised. Potential owners should be prepared for their grooming requirements and need for early and ongoing socialization. English Toy Terriers are companion dogs who thrive on human interaction and can develop separation anxiety if left alone for extended periods. They're intelligent dogs who can become bored easily, so mental enrichment is as important as physical exercise. While generally good-natured, they can be reserved with strangers and make excellent watchdogs.
Best Living Situation
The ideal home for an English Toy Terrier is with an individual or family who:
- Can provide regular daily exercise and mental stimulation
- Values an intelligent, affectionate companion
- Can provide consistent training and leadership
- Is home frequently or can take the dog along on outings
- Is committed to proper socialization and veterinary care
Cost & Availability
English Toy Terriers are a relatively rare breed with specific considerations regarding cost and availability.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase Price | $1,500 - $3,000+ | From reputable breeders; show quality at higher end |
| Adoption Fee | $300 - $600 | From shelters or breed-specific rescues (rare) |
| Initial Supplies | $300 - $500 | Crate, bed, bowls, collar, leash, grooming tools |
| Initial Vet Care | $300 - $600 | Exams, vaccinations, spay/neuter, microchip |
| Training Classes | $100 - $300 | Puppy kindergarten and basic obedience |
Annual Costs
- Food: $250 - $400 for high-quality dog food
- Veterinary Care: $400 - $700 for routine care and potential health issues
- Grooming: $100 - $300 for occasional professional grooming
- Preventive Medications: $200 - $400 for flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
- Training/Activities: $100 - $300 for ongoing classes or activities
- Miscellaneous: $200 - $400 for toys, treats, replacements
Availability
- Breeders: Reputable breeders limited; may require travel
- Rescues: Rarely available through shelters; occasionally through breed-specific rescues
- Popularity: Uncommon breed; not in AKC popularity rankings
- Geographic Variation: More common in UK than North America
- Waiting Period: Often significant wait for puppies from reputable breeders
Similar Breeds
If you're interested in the English Toy Terrier but want to explore similar breeds, consider these alternatives:
Manchester Terrier
Larger version of the same breed with similar appearance and temperament. Generally similar in personality with comparable energy and grooming needs in a larger package.
Miniature Pinscher
Similar size and appearance but different breed history and temperament. Generally more assertive with different exercise requirements and personality traits.
Italian Greyhound
Similar elegant appearance and size but different temperament and exercise needs. Generally more sensitive with different grooming requirements and personality.
Toy Fox Terrier
Similar terrier temperament and energy level but with different appearance and coat. Generally similar in size with comparable exercise requirements and intelligence.
Frequently Asked Questions
English Toy Terriers can be excellent family pets for the right families. They're affectionate, intelligent, and generally good with respectful older children. However, their small size and delicate build mean they're best suited for families with older children who understand how to handle small dogs gently. They need families who can provide proper training, socialization, and supervision. With proper training and socialization, they can be wonderful family companions, but they're not recommended for families with very young children due to their size and potential for injury from rough handling.
English Toy Terriers need about 30-45 minutes of exercise daily, plus mental stimulation. They enjoy walks, play sessions, and opportunities to run in securely fenced areas. Their exercise should include daily opportunities for activity and mental challenges. Mental stimulation is particularly important for this intelligent breed. They're generally calm indoors when properly exercised but need regular outdoor activity. It's important to balance sufficient exercise with their small size and potential for joint issues. Puppies should not be over-exercised to protect developing joints. They adapt well to various living situations as long as their exercise needs are met.
English Toy Terriers can get along with other dogs, especially when properly socialized from puppyhood. However, their strong terrier instincts mean they may chase cats or other small pets, particularly if they run. Early socialization and training can help manage this instinct, but careful supervision is always recommended. Many English Toy Terriers can learn to coexist peacefully with cats they're raised with, but their hunting instincts may still emerge. Introductions to other pets should be done gradually and under controlled circumstances. With proper management, many English Toy Terriers live happily with other animals, but their interactions should always be supervised, especially with smaller pets.
English Toy Terriers are intelligent and capable learners, but they can be sensitive and independent, which can make training challenging for inexperienced owners. They respond best to positive reinforcement methods, consistency, and patience. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may be sensitive to tone and body language. Training should be engaging and varied to maintain their interest. Early socialization and obedience training are crucial for developing a well-mannered adult. While they're not the easiest breed to train, dedicated owners who use positive methods and understand their sensitive nature can achieve excellent results. Their intelligence means they excel at advanced training and dog sports.
English Toy Terriers are considered a low-shedding breed, which makes them a good choice for people with allergies. Their short, sleek coat sheds minimally compared to many breeds. They require minimal grooming to maintain their coat's health and appearance. Regular brushing helps remove dead hair, and occasional bathing is typically sufficient. While no dog is completely non-shedding, English Toy Terriers shed significantly less than many other breeds. Regular grooming not only controls shedding but also helps distribute skin oils and keep the coat healthy. Their low-shedding characteristic is one reason they're often recommended for allergy sufferers and people who prefer a tidy home.
The average lifespan of an English Toy Terrier is 12-13 years, which is typical for a small breed. With excellent care, some individuals may live slightly longer. Factors that influence lifespan include genetics, diet, exercise, preventive veterinary care, and management of any health issues. Providing a healthy lifestyle with proper weight management, regular veterinary check-ups, attention to dental health, and prompt treatment of any health concerns can help ensure your English Toy Terrier lives a long, healthy life. Like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions that can affect quality of life and longevity, so working with a reputable breeder who health tests their breeding stock is important.
English Toy Terriers can be suitable for first-time dog owners who are committed to proper training, socialization, and care. Their intelligence and sensitivity mean they respond well to positive reinforcement training methods. However, their potential for stubbornness and specific health considerations mean first-time owners should be prepared to invest time in learning about the breed and working with experienced trainers. First-time owners may find their exercise and mental stimulation needs manageable compared to larger, higher-energy breeds. Most experts recommend that first-time owners do thorough research and be prepared for the commitment required. Exceptionally dedicated first-time owners with ample time and resources can succeed with an English Toy Terrier.
English Toy Terriers have low grooming requirements. Their distinctive short, sleek coat requires minimal maintenance. Regular brushing 1-2 times per week with a soft bristle brush or grooming mitt is typically sufficient to remove dead hair and distribute skin oils. Bathing is only needed occasionally when the dog gets dirty. In addition to coat care, their ears need weekly cleaning to prevent infections, and their nails require regular trimming. Dental care is particularly important for this breed, as they can be prone to dental issues. While they're not a high-maintenance breed in terms of grooming, they do require regular basic care to maintain their health and appearance.
Bottom Line: Is an English Toy Terrier Right for You?
The English Toy Terrier is an elegant and intelligent breed with a rich history as both a working ratter and aristocratic companion. These sleek black and tan dogs combine the grace of a miniature athlete with the intelligence and spirit of their terrier heritage. They form strong bonds with their families and bring energy and character to any household. However, they're not the right choice for everyone. Their small size, specific health considerations, and need for companionship require committed ownership. They thrive in homes with consistent leadership and families who understand and respect their terrier instincts and sensitive nature. If you're looking for an intelligent, affectionate companion and are prepared for their specific needs—including regular exercise, consistent training, and proper socialization—the English Toy Terrier might be your perfect match. This elegant breed rewards dedicated owners with unwavering loyalty, impressive intelligence, and a unique combination of refinement and terrier spirit that has made them valued companions for centuries.
References and Further Readings
1- English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) Breed Information | The Kennel Club
2- Essential Guide to Feeding English Toy Terriers | The English Toy Terrier Club
3- Common Health Issues in English Toy Terriers | The English Toy Terrier Club
4- English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) - Wikipedia
5- English Toy Terrier Black & Tan Breed Guide | Royal Canin
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