Dawn Lowery 
Havanese
The Havanese, Cuba's only native dog breed, is a small but sturdy companion dog known for its luxurious silky coat, cheerful disposition, and intelligence. With their expressive eyes, plumed tail carried over their back, and springy gait, these dogs radiate charm and personality that has captivated owners for centuries.
Originally bred as companion dogs for Cuban aristocracy, Havanese combine elegance with a playful, affectionate nature. They are equally content performing tricks for an audience or cuddling on a lap, making them wonderful versatile companions for various lifestyles.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about the Havanese breed—from their fascinating history and distinctive characteristics to their specific care requirements and health considerations. Whether you're considering adding a Havanese to your family or simply want to learn more about this beloved breed, this guide will provide valuable insights into these delightful companion dogs.
History & Origin
The Havanese has a rich history dating back to the 18th century when they were developed in Cuba as companion dogs for the aristocracy. They descend from the now-extinct Blanquito de la Habana (Little White Dog of Havana), which itself descended from bichon-type dogs brought to Cuba by Spanish settlers.
Aristocratic Connections
Havanese were particularly favored by wealthy Cuban families who valued them as both companions and watchdogs. Their popularity spread to Europe in the 19th century, where they became favorites of European nobility, including Queen Victoria. The breed nearly became extinct after the Cuban Revolution in 1959, when many Cubans fled to the United States, bringing their beloved Havanese with them.
Breed Development
The modern Havanese was preserved and developed primarily in the United States by Cuban exiles and American enthusiasts. The breed was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1996. Through careful breeding programs, the Havanese has been preserved with its distinctive appearance and charming personality intact, while also addressing health concerns through responsible breeding practices.
| Timeline | Development | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| 18th Century | Developed in Cuba | Companions for Cuban aristocracy |
| 19th Century | Popularity in Europe | Favored by European nobility including Queen Victoria |
| 1950s-1970s | Near extinction and revival | Preserved by Cuban exiles in the United States |
| 1996 | AKC Recognition | Official entry into AKC Toy Group |
Breed Characteristics
Havanese possess a distinctive set of physical and behavioral traits that make them beloved companions and successful therapy and performance dogs.
Affection Level
Very High
Havanese are extremely affectionate dogs that thrive on human companionship. They form strong bonds with their families and enjoy being involved in all household activities, often following their owners from room to room.
True companion dogs
Intelligence
High
Havanese are highly intelligent and quick learners. They excel in obedience, agility, and trick training. Their intelligence makes them excellent problem solvers and sometimes mischievous if not properly stimulated.
Quick learners and problem solvers
Adaptability
Excellent
Havanese adapt well to various living situations, from apartments to larger homes. They thrive equally in city and country environments as long as they're with their people.
Great for various lifestyles
Breed Characteristic Ratings
Breed Expert Perspective
According to breed specialists, Havanese are exceptionally well-rounded companion dogs. Their intelligence, combined with their desire to please, makes them highly trainable for various activities from obedience to therapy work. Unlike some toy breeds that can be nervous or yappy, Havanese typically have stable, cheerful temperaments. Their moderate exercise needs and adaptability make them suitable for various households, from active families to seniors. The breed's hypoallergenic qualities also make them popular with allergy sufferers.
Appearance
The Havanese is a small, sturdy dog slightly longer than tall with a unique springy gait and a luxurious double coat that comes in various colors and patterns.
Size and Proportion
| Measurement | Range | Breed Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Height | 8.5-11.5 inches | Measured at the shoulder |
| Weight | 7-13 pounds | Proportional to height |
| Body Length | Longer than tall | Rectangular outline |
Coat Colors and Patterns
Havanese come in a wide variety of colors and patterns, with all colors being acceptable according to breed standards:
White
Solid white or white with slight cream or champagne shading. Often has black pigmentation on nose, lips, and eye rims.
Cream
Ranging from pale ivory to rich cream. May have self-colored or black pigmentation on nose, lips, and eye rims.
Black
Solid black from nose to tail. May have small white markings on chest or feet, though solid is preferred for show.
Chocolate
Rich brown color ranging from milk chocolate to dark chocolate. Always has self-colored (brown) nose and eye rims.
Silver
Ranging from light silver to charcoal. Often born darker and lightens with age. Black pigmentation preferred.
Parti-Color
White with patches of any other color. Patches should be clearly defined and distributed for show quality.
The Signature Coat
The Havanese coat is double, with a soft, light undercoat and a longer, lighter outer coat that is soft and silky or slightly wavy. Unlike many double-coated breeds, the Havanese coat continues to grow rather than shedding seasonally, similar to human hair. This unique quality makes them an excellent choice for people with allergies, as they don't shed in the traditional sense. The breed standard allows for the coat to be corded (forming dreadlock-like cords) or left silky, though the corded look requires significant maintenance and is less common in pet Havanese.
Temperament & Personality
Havanese are renowned for their cheerful, outgoing, and affectionate nature. They are true companion dogs that thrive on human interaction and make excellent family pets, therapy dogs, and performance competitors.
With Family
Havanese form strong bonds with all family members and are particularly known for their devotion to their owners. They enjoy being involved in household activities and will often follow their favorite people from room to room. Their gentle nature and patience make them excellent with children, and they typically get along well with all family members.
With Other Pets
With proper socialization, Havanese generally get along well with other dogs and can coexist peacefully with cats. Their non-aggressive nature and playful disposition make them excellent candidates for multi-pet households. They typically enjoy having canine companions and often get along better when not left alone for long periods.
With Strangers
These little dogs are typically friendly toward strangers and rarely show suspicion or aggression. While this makes them poor guard dogs, it contributes to their reputation as wonderful therapy dogs and companions in various social settings. Their outgoing nature makes them excellent candidates for therapy work and dog sports that involve interaction with strangers.
Separation Anxiety
Havanese are prone to separation anxiety due to their strong attachment to their owners. They do not do well when left alone for long periods and may develop destructive behaviors or excessive barking if isolated frequently. Proper training from puppyhood and gradual acclimation to alone time can help manage this tendency. Many Havanese owners find that providing interactive toys and ensuring adequate exercise before alone time helps reduce anxiety.
Intelligence & Trainability
Havanese are highly intelligent dogs that learn quickly and enjoy training sessions. They excel in various dog sports including obedience, agility, rally, and trick training. Their intelligence combined with their desire to please makes them highly trainable, though they can become bored with repetition. Keeping training sessions short, varied, and fun yields the best results.
Health & Lifespan
While generally a healthy breed, Havanese are predisposed to certain health conditions that prospective owners should be aware of.
Eye Conditions
Common Concern
Including cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy, and distichiasis (extra eyelashes). Regular eye examinations can help detect and manage these conditions early.
Regular eye checks recommended
Joint Issues
Moderate Risk
Patellar luxation (slipping kneecaps) and hip dysplasia can occur. Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on joints.
Weight management crucial
Heart Conditions
Occasional Issues
Mitral valve disease and other cardiac issues can occur in the breed. Regular cardiac screening is recommended for breeding dogs.
Regular vet checks important
Lifespan and Vital Statistics
| Health Aspect | Average | Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Lifespan | 14-16 years | With proper care, many live beyond 16 years |
| Common Health Screenings | Eyes, knees, heart | Annual veterinary checks recommended |
| Exercise Needs | 30-45 minutes daily | Moderate activity level |
| Weight Management | 7-13 pounds | Prone to obesity if overfed |
Health Testing Recommendations
Responsible breeders test their breeding stock for common Havanese health issues. When looking for a Havanese puppy, ask breeders for proof of health clearances for patellar luxation, hip evaluations from the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA), and eye certifications from the Canine Eye Registration Foundation (CERF). Some breeders also test for cardiac issues and liver shunts. These precautions don't guarantee a healthy dog but significantly reduce the risk of hereditary conditions. The Havanese Club of America recommends specific health testing for breeding dogs.
Grooming Needs
The Havanese's beautiful, silky coat is their most distinctive feature but requires significant maintenance to keep it healthy, mat-free, and looking its best.
Daily Brushing
Essential
Their long, fine hair tangles easily and requires daily brushing to prevent mats and remove debris. Pay special attention to areas prone to matting.
Prevents painful matting
Regular Bathing
Every 2-3 Weeks
Frequent bathing with quality dog shampoo and conditioner keeps their coat clean, healthy, and manageable between brushings.
Use conditioner to prevent tangles
Professional Grooming
Every 4-6 Weeks
Regular professional grooming maintains coat health and can provide a practical shorter clip for easier maintenance.
Puppy cut popular for pets
Additional Grooming Needs
- Ear care: Weekly cleaning to prevent infections common in drop-eared breeds
- Dental care: Daily brushing to combat periodontal disease common in small breeds
- Nail trimming: Every 2-3 weeks to prevent discomfort and mobility issues
- Eye cleaning: Daily wiping to prevent tear staining, especially in lighter-colored dogs
- Paw pad hair trimming: Regular trimming to prevent slipping and matting between toes
The Puppy Cut Alternative
Many Havanese owners opt for a "puppy cut" or "teddy bear cut" – a shorter, even trim all over the body – to reduce grooming time while maintaining the breed's adorable appearance. This practical clip significantly reduces daily brushing requirements from 20-30 minutes to just 5-10 minutes while keeping the dog comfortable and cute. Despite the name, this cut is suitable for Havanese of all ages and is particularly popular for pets rather than show dogs. Some owners choose to keep the coat long for shows or personal preference, but this requires a significant time commitment to maintenance.
Training & Exercise
Havanese are highly intelligent and generally eager to please, making them responsive to training when approached correctly.
Effective Training Methods
- Positive reinforcement: Use treats, praise, and play as motivation during training sessions
- Short sessions: Keep training brief (5-15 minutes) to maintain interest and prevent boredom
- Variety: Mix up training activities to engage their intelligent minds
- Consistency: All family members should use the same commands and rules
- Socialization: Early and ongoing exposure to various people, places, and situations
Exercise Requirements
While not overly energetic, Havanese need regular exercise to maintain physical and mental health:
- Daily walks: 20-30 minutes of leash walking
- Play sessions: Interactive games like fetch, hide-and-seek, or puzzle toys
- Mental stimulation: Training sessions, nose work, and food-dispensing toys
- Dog sports: Excellent candidates for agility, obedience, rally, and trick training
- Off-leash activities: In safely enclosed areas, as they generally have good recall
Mental Stimulation Importance
Havanese are intelligent dogs that require mental stimulation as much as physical exercise. Without adequate mental challenges, they may develop destructive behaviors or nuisance barking. Provide puzzle toys, rotate toys regularly to maintain novelty, and engage in training sessions that challenge their minds. Their intelligence makes them excellent candidates for learning tricks, which can be both mentally stimulating and a fun way to bond with your dog.
Nutrition & Feeding
Proper nutrition is essential for maintaining your Havanese's health, coat condition, and ideal weight.
Dietary Requirements
| Life Stage | Daily Amount | Special Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Puppy (2-12 months) | 1/4 - 3/4 cup | High-quality small breed puppy food, divided into 3-4 meals |
| Adult (1-7 years) | 1/2 - 1 cup | Maintenance formula for small breeds, divided into 2 meals |
| Senior (7+ years) | 1/2 - 3/4 cup | Senior formula, possibly joint supplements, monitor weight closely |
Weight Management
Havanese have a tendency to gain weight if overfed. To maintain a healthy weight:
- Measure food portions carefully rather than free-feeding
- Choose high-quality food with appropriate protein and controlled fat levels
- Limit high-calorie treats and use vegetables like green beans or carrots as low-calorie alternatives
- Adjust food amount based on activity level and metabolism
- Regularly assess body condition (you should be able to feel but not see ribs)
- Be particularly careful with treats during training sessions
Special Dietary Considerations
Some Havanese may have food sensitivities or allergies. Common signs include itchy skin, ear infections, or digestive issues. Due to their small size and specific nutritional needs, choose a high-quality small breed formula with appropriate kibble size. Foods containing omega fatty acids can help maintain skin and coat health. Some Havanese are prone to luxating patellas, so maintaining an ideal weight is crucial to reduce stress on joints. Always provide fresh, clean water, and consider using a raised feeder to make eating more comfortable for your Havanese.
Living Requirements
Havanese are highly adaptable dogs that can thrive in various living situations, from small apartments to larger homes with yards.
Apartment Living
Their small size, moderate energy level, and generally quiet nature make Havanese excellent apartment dogs. They don't require a yard as long as they receive daily walks and indoor playtime. Their adaptability and people-oriented nature make them well-suited for urban living.
House with Yard
While Havanese enjoy access to a safely fenced yard, they should not be left outside unsupervised for extended periods. They are companion dogs who want to be with their families indoors. A yard provides additional space for play and exercise but doesn't replace daily walks and indoor interaction.
Climate Considerations
Havanese are relatively adaptable to various climates but have some considerations:
- Hot weather: Can tolerate moderate heat but should have access to shade and water
- Cold weather: May need a sweater or coat in very cold temperatures, especially with a shorter clip
- Humid weather: Generally tolerate humidity well but watch for matting in the coat
- Indoor living: Primarily indoor dogs who should live inside with their families
Ideal Home Environment
The perfect home for a Havanese is one where they won't be left alone for long periods and where they can be involved in family activities. They thrive in households where someone is home most of the day or where they can accompany their owner. Havanese do well with families, singles, and seniors alike, as long as their need for companionship is met. Their intelligence and trainability make them suitable for first-time dog owners, while their versatility appeals to experienced owners interested in dog sports or therapy work. Their small size makes them excellent travel companions, and many adapt well to various lifestyles.
Finding a Responsible Breeder
Choosing a responsible breeder is crucial for acquiring a healthy, well-socialized Havanese with a good temperament and reduced risk of hereditary health issues.
Signs of a Responsible Breeder
- Health tests all breeding stock for common Havanese conditions
- Raises puppies in home environment with plenty of human interaction
- Provides documentation of health clearances and pedigree
- Asks you questions to ensure their puppies are going to suitable homes
- Offers ongoing support and takes back dogs if needed
- Shows you the mother dog and living conditions
- Follows the Havanese breed standard
- Is knowledgeable about the breed's specific characteristics and needs
- Is involved with the Havanese Club of America or other breed organizations
Red Flags to Avoid
- Multiple litters available at once or frequently
- Won't let you see where puppies are raised or meet the mother
- No health testing of parent dogs
- Pressure to pay quickly or meet in neutral location
- Puppies significantly cheaper than average market price
- Focuses on rare colors or extremely small size as selling points
- Cannot provide references from previous puppy buyers
Adoption Option
Consider checking Havanese-specific rescue organizations if you're open to adopting an adult dog. Breed rescues often have Havanese of various ages needing forever homes. This can be a rewarding way to provide a home to a dog in need while potentially avoiding some of the challenges of puppyhood and often at a lower cost than purchasing from a breeder. Many rescue Havanese are already house-trained and have established personalities. The Havanese Club of America and regional Havanese clubs often maintain rescue networks.
Avoiding Puppy Mills and Backyard Breeders
Puppy mills and irresponsible backyard breeders prioritize profit over animal welfare and often produce dogs with serious health and behavioral issues. Never buy a puppy from a pet store, website offering immediate shipment, or breeder who won't allow you to visit their facility. Responsible breeders care about where their puppies go and will want to meet potential owners in person. The Havanese Club of America can provide referrals to reputable breeders who follow ethical breeding practices and health test their dogs.
Conclusion: Is a Havanese Right for You?
The Havanese is a delightful companion dog that brings intelligence, affection, charm, and versatility to any household. With their cheerful temperament, adaptable nature, beautiful appearance, and hypoallergenic qualities, it's easy to understand why they've grown in popularity. However, they're not the right choice for everyone, and prospective owners must carefully consider the breed's specific needs and characteristics.
These dogs thrive in homes where they'll receive plenty of attention, proper grooming, mental stimulation, and moderate exercise. They're well-suited for families with children, singles, and seniors who can provide the companionship they crave while meeting their needs for engagement and care. Their small size makes them suitable for various living situations, from apartments to larger homes.
Prospective owners should be prepared for their significant grooming requirements, need for mental stimulation, tendency toward separation anxiety, and requirement for consistent training and socialization. With proper care, regular veterinary check-ups, consistent training, appropriate exercise, mental stimulation, and lots of love, a Havanese can be a wonderful addition to the right family, offering years of loyal companionship, entertainment, and unconditional affection.
Frequently Asked Questions
Havanese are generally excellent with children. Their gentle, patient nature and sturdy build for a toy breed make them wonderful family pets. They typically have the patience to tolerate gentle handling from children and often enjoy playing with them. However, as with any dog, interactions between dogs and young children should always be supervised. Teach children how to properly interact with dogs, and never leave them unsupervised together. Havanese are small enough that rough handling could injure them, so it's important to teach children to be gentle.
Havanese have moderate exercise needs. They typically require 30-45 minutes of daily activity, which can be divided into walks, play sessions, and training. They enjoy outings but don't need extensive exercise to be content. Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise for this intelligent breed. Their adaptable nature means they can be happy with a leisurely walk or ready for more vigorous activities like agility or longer hikes. They generally have good stamina for their size.
Havanese are not known as excessive barkers compared to some other small breeds, but they will bark to alert you to visitors or unusual sounds. They were historically used as watchdogs in Cuba, so some alert barking is natural. However, they are generally not yappy dogs. Like any dog, they may develop barking issues if bored, under-exercised, or suffering from separation anxiety. Proper training, meeting their physical and mental needs, and teaching a "quiet" command can help prevent nuisance barking.
Havanese are generally very easy to train due to their high intelligence and desire to please their owners. They typically excel in obedience training and can learn commands quickly. Their intelligence means they can also learn unwanted behaviors if not properly guided, so consistency is important. They respond best to positive reinforcement methods and enjoy training that feels like a game. Their intelligence makes them excellent candidates for various dog sports including agility, obedience, rally, and trick training.
Havanese are often considered a good choice for people with allergies because they have hair rather than fur, and they don't shed in the traditional sense. Their hair grows continuously like human hair and requires regular grooming. However, no dog is completely hypoallergenic, as allergies are typically triggered by dander and saliva, not just hair. Many people with allergies do well with Havanese, but it's important to spend time with the breed before committing to ensure you don't have a reaction. Regular grooming and bathing can help reduce allergens.
Havanese do not do well when left alone for extended periods. They are companion dogs that form strong bonds with their families and are prone to separation anxiety. If you work full-time outside the home, a Havanese may not be the best choice unless you can make arrangements for someone to check on them, take them to doggy daycare, or work from home. Leaving them alone for more than 4-5 hours regularly can lead to anxiety-related behaviors and excessive barking. Many Havanese owners find that providing interactive toys and ensuring adequate exercise before alone time helps, but they truly thrive with company.
Havanese require significant grooming to keep their coat healthy and mat-free. If kept in a long coat, they need daily brushing sessions of 20-30 minutes to prevent mats and tangles. Many owners opt for a shorter "puppy cut" which reduces brushing time to 5-10 minutes daily. Professional grooming is recommended every 4-6 weeks regardless of coat length. Additional grooming needs include regular ear cleaning, nail trimming, dental care, and occasional eye cleaning. The grooming commitment is significant and should be carefully considered before getting a Havanese.
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