Sandra Carson 
Tremors in Dogs
Tremors in dogs can be a concerning sight for any pet owner. These involuntary muscle movements range from subtle shaking to more pronounced quivering and can indicate various underlying conditions from benign to serious.
Understanding the different types of tremors, their potential causes, and appropriate responses can help you provide the best care for your canine companion. This comprehensive guide covers everything from harmless excitement tremors to neurological conditions requiring immediate veterinary attention.
By learning to recognize concerning symptoms and knowing when to seek professional help, you can ensure your dog receives appropriate care and maintains optimal neurological health.
Understanding Canine Tremors
Tremors are involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions that cause shaking movements in one or more parts of the body. Unlike seizures, tremors typically don't cause loss of consciousness and may be continuous or intermittent.
The Neurology of Tremors
Tremors result from disruptions in the complex communication between the brain, spinal cord, and muscles. The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain, plays a crucial role in coordinating movement and maintaining posture. When this system is disrupted by inflammation, toxins, metabolic imbalances, or structural damage, tremors can occur. Neurotransmitters like GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) help regulate muscle activity, and imbalances can lead to excessive muscle firing. Understanding this neurological basis helps explain why tremors can be symptoms of such diverse conditions, from simple excitement to serious neurological disorders.
Tremors vs. Seizures
It's important to distinguish between tremors and seizures, as they have different causes and treatment approaches.
| Characteristic | Tremors | Seizures |
|---|---|---|
| Consciousness | Usually maintained | Often altered or lost |
| Movement Pattern | Rhythmic, oscillatory | Jerky, convulsive |
| Duration | Can be continuous or intermittent | Typically 1-3 minutes |
| Recovery | Immediate return to normal | Post-ictal phase common |
Types of Canine Tremors
Tremors can be classified based on their characteristics, distribution, and underlying causes. Understanding these distinctions helps in identifying potential issues.
Generalized Tremors
Whole Body
Affect the entire body or multiple body regions simultaneously. Often associated with systemic conditions, toxins, or generalized neurological disorders.
Systemic involvement
Intention Tremors
Movement-Related
Occur during purposeful movement and typically worsen as the dog reaches its target. Often indicate cerebellar disorders.
Cerebellar origin
Focal Tremors
Localized
Affect specific body parts like head, legs, or jaw. May indicate localized nerve damage, pain, or focal seizures.
Localized issue
Tremor Characteristics Assessment
The Little White Shaker Syndrome
Generalized Tremor Syndrome (GTS), often called "Little White Shaker Syndrome," is a condition characterized by full-body tremors in small, often white-coated dog breeds like Maltese, West Highland White Terriers, and Bichon Frises. Despite the name, it can affect dogs of any color. The tremors typically begin between 9 months and 2 years of age and can range from mild to severe enough to impair movement. The exact cause is unknown but is thought to be immune-mediated. Fortunately, GTS usually responds well to corticosteroid treatment, with most dogs showing significant improvement within a few days of starting medication.
Additional Tremor Classifications
| Type | Characteristics | Common Associations |
|---|---|---|
| Physiological Tremors | Normal response to cold, fear, or excitement | Benign, self-resolving |
| Essential Tremors | Inherited, no other neurological signs | Breed predispositions |
| Cerebellar Tremors | Worsen with intention, head bobbing | Cerebellar hypoplasia, inflammation |
| Psychogenic Tremors | Stress-related, variable patterns | Anxiety disorders |
Common Causes of Tremors
Tremors can result from numerous factors, ranging from temporary conditions to chronic disorders. Understanding potential causes helps in determining the appropriate response.
Environmental and Physiological Causes
Many cases of tremors stem from external factors or normal physiological responses.
| Cause | Typical Symptoms | Management |
|---|---|---|
| Cold Temperatures | Generalized shivering, seeking warmth | Warming, environmental adjustment |
| Fear or Anxiety | Context-specific, with stress signals | Comfort, stress reduction |
| Excitement | Occurs during anticipation, resolves quickly | Calming techniques |
| Exercise Fatigue | Muscle tremors after exertion | Rest, hydration, electrolytes |
Metabolic and Toxic Causes
Various internal imbalances and toxins can cause tremors in dogs.
Hypoglycemia and Tremors
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is a common cause of tremors, especially in toy breeds, puppies, and dogs with diabetes receiving insulin. The brain relies heavily on glucose for energy, and when levels drop too low, neurological symptoms like tremors, weakness, and disorientation can occur. Hypoglycemia can be caused by not eating enough, excessive exercise, insulin overdose, or certain metabolic disorders. Mild cases can often be managed by offering a small meal or honey, but severe hypoglycemia is a medical emergency requiring immediate veterinary care. Toy breed owners should be particularly vigilant about regular feeding schedules.
Other Common Causes
Additional factors that can lead to tremors in dogs include:
- Pain: Dogs may tremble due to acute or chronic pain
- Fever: Elevated body temperature can cause shivering
- Ear infections: Can affect balance and cause head tremors
- Medication side effects: Some drugs can cause tremors
- Old age: Senile tremors in geriatric dogs
- Electrolyte imbalances: Particularly low calcium or potassium
Serious Conditions That Cause Tremors
While many causes of tremors are benign, some conditions require immediate veterinary attention. Recognizing these serious issues can be lifesaving for your dog.
Neurological Disorders
Various neurological conditions can cause tremors as a primary symptom.
| Condition | Additional Symptoms | Urgency Level |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory Brain Disease | Circling, head pressing, behavior changes | High - Immediate veterinary care |
| Epilepsy | Seizure activity, post-ictal phase | High - Schedule veterinary visit |
| Degenerative Myelopathy | Progressive hind limb weakness | Moderate - Veterinary diagnosis needed |
| Vestibular Disease | Head tilt, loss of balance, nystagmus | Moderate to High |
Toxin Exposure
Many common household items and foods are toxic to dogs and can cause tremors.
Common Neurotoxins for Dogs
Several substances can cause severe tremors and neurological symptoms in dogs. These include: pesticides (especially organophosphates), certain human medications (SSRIs, amphetamines), toxic plants (sago palms, lilies), moldy foods (containing tremorgenic mycotoxins), chocolate (theobromine toxicity), and xylitol (artificial sweetener). Tremors caused by toxins often progress rapidly and may be accompanied by vomiting, agitation, seizures, or collapse. If you suspect your dog has ingested a toxin, contact your veterinarian or animal poison control immediately. Time is critical when dealing with potential poisonings, so don't wait for symptoms to worsen before seeking help.
Breed-Specific Neurological Conditions
Some breeds are predisposed to conditions that can cause tremors.
- Scottish Terriers: Higher risk of Scottie Cramp
- Dalmatians: Prone to liver shunts causing metabolic tremors
- Springer Spaniels: Rage syndrome (form of epilepsy)
- German Shepherds: Degenerative myelopathy
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: Syringomyelia
- Miniature Schnauzers: Higher incidence of epilepsy
Home Care and Management
For mild cases of tremors without concerning symptoms, there are several management strategies you can implement at home while monitoring your dog's condition.
Comfort and Support Strategies
| Strategy | Implementation | Expected Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Calm Environment | Reduce noise, provide quiet space | Decreased anxiety-related tremors |
| Comfort Items | Favorite blanket, toy, or your presence | Security and stress reduction |
| Temperature Regulation | Warm bedding, avoid drafts | Reduced cold-induced tremors |
| Gentle Massage | Light stroking of affected areas | Muscle relaxation, comfort |
Nutritional Support
Proper nutrition can help manage some types of tremors.
The Benefits of Calming Techniques
For anxiety-related tremors, various calming techniques can be highly effective. TTouch (Tellington Touch) is a specific method of circular touches that can help relax nervous dogs. Pressure wraps like Thundershirts apply gentle, constant pressure that has a calming effect on many dogs, similar to swaddling infants. Pheromone diffusers (Adaptil) release synthetic dog-appeasing pheromones that can reduce anxiety. Calming music specifically designed for dogs or classical music at low volume can also help relax anxious dogs. These techniques are particularly useful for dogs with noise phobias, separation anxiety, or general nervousness that manifests as tremors.
Home Monitoring Checklist
- Note when tremors occur and potential triggers
- Record duration and intensity of tremor episodes
- Monitor for additional neurological symptoms
- Check for changes in appetite or drinking
- Observe mobility and coordination
- Note any changes in behavior or mental state
- Keep a log of any medications or home remedies given
When to Seek Veterinary Care
Knowing when home management is sufficient and when professional veterinary attention is needed is crucial for your dog's neurological health.
Emergency Situations
Seek immediate veterinary care if your dog displays any of these signs along with tremors:
| Symptom | Possible Causes | Action Required |
|---|---|---|
| Seizure Activity | Epilepsy, toxins, brain disease | Immediate emergency care |
| Loss of Consciousness | Severe neurological issue, toxin | Immediate emergency care |
| Difficulty Breathing | Severe toxin exposure, anaphylaxis | Immediate emergency care |
| Collapse or Inability to Stand | Severe weakness, systemic illness | Immediate emergency care |
When to Schedule a Veterinary Visit
Schedule a non-emergency veterinary appointment if your dog shows any of these patterns:
Preparing for Your Veterinary Visit
To make the most of your veterinary appointment, come prepared with specific information: when the tremors started, frequency and duration of episodes, any patterns or triggers you've noticed, which body parts are affected, changes in the dog's normal behavior, potential exposure to toxins, recent medications or dietary changes, and your dog's vaccination history. If possible, take videos of the tremor episodes to show your veterinarian. This visual information can be incredibly helpful for diagnosis, especially if the tremors aren't occurring during the examination. Keeping a detailed log of symptoms can help your veterinarian identify patterns and potential causes.
Veterinary Diagnostic Approach
Your veterinarian will likely follow a systematic approach to diagnose the cause of your dog's tremors.
- Comprehensive neurological examination: Assessing reflexes, coordination, and mental status
- Blood work: Complete blood count, biochemistry panel, specific tests for metabolic disorders
- Urinalysis: Evaluating kidney function and detecting metabolic issues
- Imaging: X-rays, MRI, or CT scans if structural issues are suspected
- CSF analysis: Cerebrospinal fluid tap for inflammatory brain diseases
- Specialized tests: Toxin screens, infectious disease testing, genetic testing
Prevention Strategies
While not all causes of tremors can be prevented, many proactive measures can reduce your dog's risk and promote neurological health.
Proactive Health Maintenance
Toxin Prevention
Safe Environment
Secure household chemicals, know toxic foods and plants, dog-proof your home, and supervise outdoor activities.
Environmental safety
Proper Nutrition
Balanced Diet
Feed high-quality, age-appropriate diet, maintain regular feeding schedule, and avoid table scraps that may contain toxins.
Nutritional foundation
Regular Check-ups
Veterinary Care
Schedule annual examinations, stay current on vaccinations and parasite prevention, and address health concerns promptly.
Medical prevention
Risk Reduction Strategies
The Importance of Genetic Testing
For breeds predisposed to hereditary neurological conditions, genetic testing can be a valuable preventive tool. Many neurological disorders that cause tremors have genetic components, including certain forms of epilepsy, degenerative myelopathy, and breed-specific conditions like Scottie Cramp. Responsible breeders often test their breeding stock for these conditions to reduce incidence in future generations. If you have a purebred dog from a breed with known neurological issues, discuss genetic testing with your veterinarian. While testing won't prevent conditions in an individual dog, it can help you understand their risk and be prepared for potential symptoms. Early detection often leads to better management outcomes.
Breed-Specific Prevention
Certain breeds benefit from targeted preventive measures.
- Toy breeds: Frequent small meals to prevent hypoglycemia
- White-coated small breeds: Awareness of Generalized Tremor Syndrome
- Breeds prone to epilepsy: Regular neurological monitoring
- Working breeds: Monitoring for overexertion and proper conditioning
- Senior dogs: Increased attention to neurological changes
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, excitement tremors are common and usually normal in dogs. When dogs become excited, their bodies release adrenaline and other stress hormones that can cause muscle tremors. This is similar to humans getting "butterflies" or shaking when nervous or excited. Excitement tremors typically occur in specific contexts like when you return home, before walks, or during play. They're usually mild, affect the whole body, and resolve quickly once the exciting situation passes. If the tremors are severe, occur without obvious excitement triggers, or are accompanied by other symptoms like weakness or collapse, consult your veterinarian. Otherwise, excitement tremors are generally nothing to worry about.
Tremors and seizures are both involuntary movements but have important differences. Tremors are rhythmic, oscillatory movements that don't typically affect consciousness. Dogs experiencing tremors are usually aware of their surroundings and can often still walk, though coordination may be affected. Seizures involve more violent, convulsive movements and often cause altered consciousness or complete loss of consciousness. Post-ictal phases (disorientation after a seizure) are common with seizures but not with tremors. Tremors can be continuous or intermittent, while seizures are typically episodic. However, some seizure types can resemble tremors, so veterinary evaluation is important for accurate diagnosis, especially if you're unsure which your dog is experiencing.
Yes, senior dogs can develop age-related tremors for various reasons. As dogs age, they may experience muscle weakness, arthritis pain, cognitive decline, or neurological changes that can cause tremors. "Senile tremors" in older dogs are often mild and may affect specific body parts like the head or hind legs. However, it's important not to automatically attribute tremors in senior dogs to old age, as they can also indicate serious conditions like organ failure, brain tumors, or metabolic disorders. Any new tremors in a senior dog should be evaluated by a veterinarian to rule out treatable conditions. While some age-related tremors may not require treatment, others might be managed with medication or supportive care to improve quality of life.
Head tremors can have various causes. Idiopathic head tremors are a specific syndrome where dogs experience episodic, horizontal or vertical head bobbing with no known cause. These episodes don't typically distress the dog and often resolve on their own. Other causes include pain (especially neck or dental pain), ear infections affecting balance, focal seizures, or neurological conditions like cerebellar disorders. If your dog experiences head tremors, note whether they occur during rest or activity, if your dog seems aware during episodes, and if there are any triggers. While idiopathic head tremors are usually harmless, any new head tremors should be evaluated by a veterinarian to rule out serious underlying conditions.
Anxiety medications can help if tremors are primarily caused by anxiety or stress. For dogs with fear-based tremors (during thunderstorms, separation anxiety, etc.), anti-anxiety medications prescribed by a veterinarian can be very effective. These might include SSRIs for long-term management or fast-acting medications for situational anxiety. However, anxiety medications won't help tremors caused by neurological conditions, metabolic issues, or toxins. In fact, some anti-anxiety medications can potentially worsen certain types of tremors. Never give your dog human anxiety medications without veterinary guidance, as they can be dangerous. If you suspect anxiety is causing your dog's tremors, discuss appropriate treatment options with your veterinarian, which may include behavior modification alongside medication.
Mild trembling after vigorous exercise is often normal, especially if your dog has pushed their limits. Exercise causes muscle fatigue and electrolyte shifts that can result in temporary tremors. However, there are concerning signs to watch for. If the tremors are severe, prolonged (lasting more than 30 minutes after rest), accompanied by weakness, collapse, excessive panting, or dark urine (which could indicate muscle damage), seek veterinary attention. To prevent exercise-induced tremors, ensure your dog is properly conditioned for the activity, provide adequate warm-up and cool-down periods, offer water during and after exercise, and avoid exercising in extreme temperatures. If your dog frequently experiences significant post-exercise tremors, consult your veterinarian to rule out underlying conditions like metabolic disorders or neuromuscular diseases.
Some natural approaches may help with certain types of tremors, but their effectiveness varies and they should never replace veterinary care for serious conditions. For anxiety-related tremors, calming supplements containing L-theanine, chamomile, or CBD (where legal and veterinarian-approved) might help. Magnesium supplements can sometimes help with muscle tremors, but should only be used under veterinary guidance as excess magnesium can be harmful. Acupuncture and physical therapy may benefit some dogs with neurological tremors. Ensuring proper nutrition, maintaining a healthy weight, and providing joint support for arthritic dogs can also help reduce pain-related tremors. However, it's crucial to have your dog properly diagnosed before trying any natural remedies, as they could mask symptoms of serious conditions that require specific medical treatment.
Free Printable "Tremors Emergency Guide"
To help you quickly reference important information about canine tremors, we've created this comprehensive guide.
How to Use This Guide
This printable guide provides a quick reference for recognizing serious tremor symptoms, implementing home management strategies, and determining when to seek veterinary attention. Print it and keep it on your refrigerator or in your pet care folder for easy reference during emergencies.
Emergency Signs Quick Reference
| Symptom | Level of Concern | Recommended Action |
|---|---|---|
| Seizure Activity | Emergency | Immediate veterinary care |
| Loss of Consciousness | Emergency | Immediate veterinary care |
| Difficulty Breathing | Emergency | Immediate veterinary care |
| Collapse | Emergency | Immediate veterinary care |
| New Tremors in Senior Dog | Moderate to High | Schedule veterinary visit |
Emergency Contact Information Template
Print and fill out this emergency information to keep handy:
- Primary Veterinarian: ___________________ Phone: ___________________
- Emergency Veterinary Clinic: ___________________ Phone: ___________________
- ASPCA Animal Poison Control: (888) 426-4435 (Note: fee may apply)
- Pet Poison Helpline: (855) 764-7661 (Note: fee may apply)
- Pet Insurance Information: Provider: ___________________ Policy #: ___________________
Conclusion: Supporting Your Dog's Neurological Health
Tremors in dogs can range from harmless physiological responses to signs of serious neurological conditions requiring immediate veterinary attention. The key to effective management lies in understanding the different types of tremors, recognizing concerning symptoms, and knowing when to seek professional help.
By maintaining awareness of your dog's normal behavior and implementing preventive care, particularly regarding toxin prevention and stress management, you can minimize tremor episodes and ensure early detection of potential problems. Regular veterinary check-ups and prompt attention to new or worsening tremors are essential components of responsible pet ownership.
Remember that you know your dog better than anyone else. If something seems wrong, trust your instincts and consult your veterinarian. Your attentive care and quick response to neurological symptoms play a crucial role in your canine companion's health and wellbeing.
We'd love to hear about your experiences with managing your dog's tremors. Share your tips or questions in the comments below or tag us on social media with photos of your happy, healthy dog!
In the Spotlight
About the Author
