Hersh Garhwal 
Runny Nose in Dogs Explained- When to Worry
A runny nose in dogs can range from a minor, temporary irritation to a sign of a serious underlying health condition. Understanding the different types of nasal discharge and what they might indicate is crucial for every dog owner.
While occasional clear nasal discharge is usually nothing to worry about, persistent or colored discharge can signal infections, allergies, or even more serious conditions like nasal tumors or dental problems. Knowing when to seek veterinary care can make a significant difference in your dog's health and comfort.
This comprehensive guide will help you understand the various causes of runny nose in dogs, how to identify different types of nasal discharge, when to be concerned, and what treatment options are available. With this knowledge, you'll be better equipped to care for your canine companion's respiratory health.
Types of Nasal Discharge in Dogs
The appearance and consistency of your dog's nasal discharge can provide important clues about the underlying cause. Here are the most common types you might encounter.
Did You Know?
Dogs have a much more sensitive sense of smell than humans, with up to 300 million olfactory receptors compared to our 6 million. This makes nasal health particularly important for their quality of life and ability to interact with their environment.
Nasal Discharge Color Guide
Usually mild allergies or mild irritation; often temporary
May indicate early infection or ongoing irritation
Often indicates bacterial infection; requires veterinary attention
Strong indication of infection; may be bacterial or fungal
Could indicate trauma, foreign object, or serious condition; emergency
Duration and Pattern
The timing and pattern of nasal discharge also provide important diagnostic information:
- Acute: Sudden onset, often due to infections or foreign bodies
- Chronic: Lasting more than a few weeks, may indicate underlying conditions
- Unilateral: Coming from one nostril only, often suggests foreign body or tumor
- Bilateral: Affecting both nostrils, typically indicates systemic issues or infections
- Seasonal: Occurring at specific times of year, often allergy-related
Common Causes of Runny Nose in Dogs
Nasal discharge in dogs can result from various causes, ranging from mild environmental factors to serious medical conditions.
Allergies
Environmental Triggers
Dogs can develop allergies to pollen, dust mites, mold, or other environmental allergens. This typically causes clear, watery discharge and may be seasonal.
Often accompanied by itching
Infections
Bacterial, Viral, Fungal
Various infections can cause nasal discharge, including kennel cough, canine distemper, sinus infections, or fungal infections like aspergillosis.
Often requires medication
Foreign Objects
Nasal Obstruction
Grass seeds, foxtails, or other small objects can become lodged in the nasal passages, causing irritation, discharge, and often sneezing.
Usually affects one nostril
Other Potential Causes
- Dental disease: Tooth root abscesses can drain into the nasal passages
- Nasal tumors: Both benign and malignant growths can cause discharge
- Nasal mites: Tiny parasites that irritate the nasal passages
- Structural issues: Cleft palate or other congenital abnormalities
- Irritants: Smoke, chemicals, or strong odors
- Weather changes: Dry air or sudden temperature changes
Dental Connection
Upper tooth root infections are a common but often overlooked cause of chronic nasal discharge in dogs. The roots of the upper teeth are located very close to the nasal passages, and infections can easily spread between these areas. If your dog has persistent nasal discharge along with bad breath or difficulty eating, dental issues should be investigated.
Associated Symptoms to Watch For
Nasal discharge rarely occurs in isolation. Paying attention to accompanying symptoms can help determine the seriousness of the condition.
Respiratory Symptoms
- Sneezing: Especially if frequent or violent
- Reverse sneezing: Rapid, noisy inhalations
- Nasal congestion: Noisy breathing or snoring
- Coughing: Particularly if productive or persistent
- Difficulty breathing: Labored breathing or open-mouth breathing
- Loss of smell: Decreased interest in food or treats
General Health Symptoms
- Lethargy: Unusual tiredness or lack of energy
- Fever: Warm ears, dry nose, shivering
- Loss of appetite: Refusing food or eating less
- Pawing at face: Discomfort or irritation in nasal area
- Eye discharge: Watery or mucoid eye secretions
- Facial swelling: Asymmetry or puffiness around nose or eyes
Emergency Warning Signs
Seek immediate veterinary care if your dog shows any of these symptoms along with nasal discharge: difficulty breathing, persistent bleeding from the nose, sudden facial swelling, seizures, collapse, or signs of severe pain. These could indicate a life-threatening condition requiring emergency intervention.
Breed-Specific Considerations
Some dog breeds are more prone to nasal and respiratory issues:
| Breed Type | Common Issues | Special Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Brachycephalic (flat-faced) | Narrow nostrils, elongated soft palate | More prone to breathing difficulties and nasal congestion |
| Dolichocephalic (long-nosed) | Longer nasal passages | More susceptible to foreign bodies and nasal tumors |
| Small breeds | Smaller nasal passages | Easily obstructed, more affected by minor swelling |
| Working/hunting breeds | Outdoor exposure | Higher risk of foreign bodies and environmental allergies |
When to Worry About Your Dog's Runny Nose
While some nasal discharge is normal, certain signs indicate it's time to seek veterinary attention.
Immediate Veterinary Attention Required
Contact your veterinarian immediately if you notice any of these warning signs:
- Bloody or blood-tinged nasal discharge
- Thick yellow or green discharge lasting more than 24 hours
- Discharge from only one nostril
- Difficulty breathing or noisy breathing
- Loss of appetite or energy
- Facial swelling or deformity
- Pawing persistently at the face or nose
- Discharge accompanied by coughing or sneezing fits
Schedule a Veterinary Visit
Make a non-emergency appointment if your dog has:
- Clear discharge lasting more than a week
- Recurrent episodes of nasal discharge
- Mild symptoms that aren't improving
- Seasonal patterns that concern you
- Minor symptoms in a very young, old, or immunocompromised dog
Monitoring Checklist
Keep a simple log of your dog's symptoms: note the color and consistency of discharge, which nostril is affected, timing and frequency of sneezing, and any other symptoms. This information will be extremely helpful for your veterinarian in diagnosing the underlying cause. Take photos of the discharge if possible, as appearance can change between veterinary visits.
Diagnosis Process for Nasal Discharge
Veterinarians use a systematic approach to diagnose the cause of nasal discharge in dogs.
Initial Examination
Your veterinarian will typically begin with:
- Complete medical history: Duration, progression, and pattern of symptoms
- Physical examination: Checking nose, mouth, eyes, and lymph nodes
- Dental examination: Looking for signs of tooth root infections
- Nasal discharge analysis: Examining color, consistency, and odor
- Respiratory assessment: Listening to breathing sounds
Diagnostic Tests
Depending on the initial findings, your veterinarian may recommend:
| Test Type | Purpose | What It Detects |
|---|---|---|
| Blood tests | General health assessment | Infections, inflammation, organ function |
| Nasal swab/swab cytology | Microscopic examination | Bacteria, fungi, abnormal cells |
| X-rays (radiographs) | Internal structure imaging | Tooth root abscesses, sinus issues, masses |
| CT scan or MRI | Detailed imaging | Tumors, structural abnormalities, detailed sinus anatomy |
| Rhinoscopy | Direct visualization | Foreign bodies, tumors, taking biopsies |
| Nasal flush | Sample collection | Collecting deeper samples for culture and cytology |
Allergy Testing Considerations
If allergies are suspected, your veterinarian might recommend allergy testing. However, this is typically only pursued after other causes have been ruled out and when symptoms are severe enough to consider immunotherapy (allergy shots). Environmental management and medication often provide sufficient relief for mild to moderate allergy cases.
Treatment Options for Runny Nose
Treatment depends entirely on the underlying cause of the nasal discharge.
Supportive Care
Mild Cases
For minor irritations or mild allergies: humidification, gentle nasal cleaning, ensuring proper hydration, and environmental modifications to reduce irritants.
For temporary, mild symptoms
Medical Treatment
Moderate to Severe Cases
Antibiotics for bacterial infections, antifungals for fungal issues, anti-inflammatory medications, or specialized treatments based on specific diagnosis.
Requires veterinary diagnosis
Advanced Interventions
Serious Conditions
Surgical removal of foreign bodies or tumors, dental procedures for tooth root issues, radiation therapy for certain cancers, or immunotherapy for allergies.
For complex or severe cases
Common Medications
Depending on the diagnosis, your veterinarian might prescribe:
- Antibiotics: For bacterial infections (typically 2-4 week course)
- Antifungals: For fungal infections like aspergillosis
- Antihistamines: For allergy-related symptoms
- Anti-inflammatories: To reduce nasal swelling and inflammation
- Nasal drops or sprays: Medicated solutions for direct application
- Decongestants: In specific cases, though use is limited in dogs
Treatment Compliance
Always complete the full course of prescribed medications, even if your dog's symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Stopping antibiotics early can lead to recurrence and antibiotic resistance. Follow your veterinarian's instructions precisely regarding dosage and administration frequency.
Home Care and Comfort Measures
While veterinary treatment addresses the underlying cause, these home care tips can help keep your dog comfortable during recovery.
Comfort and Hygiene
- Gentle cleaning: Use a soft, damp cloth to gently wipe away discharge
- Humidification: Use a humidifier to moisten dry air, especially in winter
- Steam therapy: Let your dog breathe bathroom steam during your shower
- Nasal balm: Apply pet-safe balm to prevent crusting around nostrils
- Elevated feeding: Raise food and water bowls to ease breathing while eating
- Soft foods: Offer moist food if your dog has difficulty smelling or eating
What to Avoid
- Human medications: Never give human decongestants or cold medicines
- Q-tips in nostrils: Can push debris further in or cause injury
- Harsh chemicals: Avoid strong cleaners or air fresheners
- Smoke exposure: Keep your dog away from cigarette smoke
- Extreme temperatures: Protect from very cold or very dry air
Environmental Management
Reducing environmental irritants can significantly help dogs with nasal issues. Use HEPA air filters, vacuum frequently with a HEPA filter vacuum, avoid scented candles and air fresheners, and use unscented, low-dust cat litter if you have cats. These measures can be particularly helpful for dogs with allergies or chronic nasal sensitivity.
Prevention Strategies
While not all causes of runny nose can be prevented, these strategies can reduce the risk.
Environmental Management
Reduce Irritants
Keep your home free of dust and mold, use air purifiers, avoid smoking indoors, and be mindful of outdoor allergens during high-pollen seasons.
Create a clean air environment
Good Hygiene
Regular Maintenance
Regular dental care, keeping your dog's living area clean, and routine grooming to reduce dander and environmental particles they might inhale.
Prevent secondary issues
Preventative Healthcare
Veterinary Care
Keep vaccinations current, schedule regular dental check-ups, and address health concerns promptly before they can lead to nasal issues.
Early intervention is key
Breed-Specific Prevention
Some breeds benefit from additional preventive measures:
- Brachycephalic breeds: Maintain healthy weight, avoid overheating
- Outdoor dogs: Regular checks for foreign bodies like grass seeds
- Senior dogs: More frequent dental check-ups
- Dogs with known allergies: Consistent management of allergy symptoms
- Dogs with previous nasal issues: Close monitoring for recurrence
Dental Health Connection
Regular dental care is one of the most effective ways to prevent certain types of nasal discharge. Tooth decay and gum disease can lead to abscesses that affect the nasal passages. Brush your dog's teeth regularly, provide dental chews, and schedule professional dental cleanings as recommended by your veterinarian.
Conclusion: Being Prepared for Canine Nasal Issues
A runny nose in dogs can stem from various causes, ranging from minor irritations to serious health conditions. While occasional clear discharge is usually nothing to worry about, persistent, colored, or bloody discharge warrants veterinary attention.
By understanding the different types of nasal discharge, recognizing accompanying symptoms, and knowing when to seek professional help, you can ensure your dog receives appropriate care in a timely manner. Early intervention often leads to better outcomes, especially for conditions like infections or foreign bodies.
Remember that you know your dog best. If you're concerned about their nasal health, don't hesitate to contact your veterinarian. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most causes of runny nose in dogs can be successfully managed, helping your canine companion breathe comfortably and enjoy their remarkable sense of smell to the fullest.
Frequently Asked Questions
You should be concerned and contact your veterinarian if the nasal discharge is thick, yellow, green, or bloody; if it comes from only one nostril; if it's accompanied by difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, or lethargy; or if it persists for more than a few days. Also seek immediate care if you notice facial swelling, persistent sneezing, or any signs of respiratory distress.
No, you should never give your dog human cold or allergy medications without veterinary guidance. Many human medications are toxic to dogs, and the dosages are completely different. Some ingredients in human cold medicines can cause serious side effects in dogs, including elevated heart rate, high blood pressure, seizures, or even death. Always consult your veterinarian for appropriate canine medications.
Discharge from only one nostril often indicates a localized issue in that nasal passage. Common causes include foreign bodies (like grass seeds), nasal tumors, tooth root abscesses (on that side), or nasal mites. Unilateral discharge should always be evaluated by a veterinarian as it often requires specific diagnostic tests like rhinoscopy or dental X-rays to identify the cause.
Yes, allergies are a common cause of runny nose in dogs. Canine allergies often manifest with respiratory symptoms including clear nasal discharge, sneezing, and sometimes watery eyes. Dogs can be allergic to environmental factors like pollen, mold, dust mites, or even certain foods. Allergy-related nasal discharge is typically clear and watery, though secondary infections can develop if left untreated.
Use a soft, damp cloth or cotton ball soaked in warm water to gently wipe away discharge from around your dog's nostrils. Never insert anything into the nasal passages. For crusty buildup, you can hold a warm, damp cloth against the area for a minute to soften it before gently wiping. If your dog resists or seems uncomfortable, stop and try again later or ask your veterinarian for guidance.
Yes, dental issues are a surprisingly common cause of nasal discharge, particularly chronic unilateral discharge. The roots of the upper teeth are located very close to the nasal passages, and infections in these teeth can easily spread to the sinuses. If your dog has persistent nasal discharge along with bad breath, difficulty eating, or facial swelling, dental problems should be investigated by your veterinarian.
Yes, certain breeds are more susceptible to nasal issues. Flat-faced (brachycephalic) breeds like Bulldogs, Pugs, and Boston Terriers often have narrow nostrils and elongated soft palates that make them prone to breathing difficulties and nasal discharge. Long-nosed breeds like Collies and German Shepherds may be more susceptible to nasal tumors and foreign bodies. Small breeds often have smaller nasal passages that are easily obstructed.
In the Spotlight
About the Author
