Dawn Lowery 
English Setter – The Ultimate Breed Guide
Elegant, Friendly, and Gracefully Athletic
The English Setter is the epitome of canine grace and beauty, with a gentle soul that matches its stunning appearance. Known for their distinctive feathered coat and elegant posture, these dogs combine aristocratic bearing with a friendly, outgoing personality. An English Setter in motion is a breathtaking sight—a symphony of flowing movement and effortless grace.
Originally developed in England as bird dogs, Setters were bred to "set" or crouch low when they located game, allowing hunters to approach and net the birds. Their exceptional scenting ability, endurance, and gentle nature made them ideal hunting companions for nobility. Today, they excel not only in the field but also as affectionate family companions and successful show dogs.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about the English Setter—from their storied history as aristocratic hunting companions to their specific care requirements and whether this elegant, gentle breed might be the right fit for your family and lifestyle.
Basic Information
The English Setter is a medium to large sporting breed renowned for its elegant appearance, gentle disposition, and exceptional bird-hunting ability. These graceful dogs combine athletic working drive with a sweet, affectionate nature at home.
| Other Names | Setter, Laverack Setter, Llewellin Setter |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Sporting (AKC) |
| Origin | England |
| Height | 24-27 inches (males 25-27", females 24-26") |
| Weight | 45-80 pounds (males 65-80, females 45-55) |
| Lifespan | 12-15 years |
| Coat | Medium-length, silky with feathering |
| Colors | White with blue, orange, lemon, liver belton patterns |
| Temperament | Gentle, friendly, mild-mannered, affectionate |
| Energy Level | Moderate to High - requires regular exercise |
| Good With | Families, children, other dogs, strangers |
Did You Know?
The term "belton" used to describe English Setter coat patterns comes from the village of Belton in England where the breed was developed. This unique ticking pattern gives the coat its distinctive speckled appearance. Each Setter's belton pattern is unique, with no two dogs having exactly the same distribution of colored hairs on their white background.
History and Origin
The English Setter's development spans more than 400 years, with roots tracing back to 14th century England where they were refined into the ultimate bird-setting companion.
Development in England
The English Setter descended from various setting spaniels that were crossed with pointers and possibly water spaniels to enhance scenting ability, bird sense, and endurance. The modern English Setter was largely developed in the 19th century by two prominent breeders: Edward Laverack, who established the breed type through careful linebreeding, and R. L. Purcell Llewellin, who developed field-trial lines with exceptional hunting ability.
The name "Setter" comes from the dog's characteristic stance of "setting" or crouching low when they locate game. This allowed hunters to approach and throw nets over both the dog and birds. With the advent of firearms, Setters adapted to work as pointing dogs. The first English Setters arrived in America in the early 19th century, where they quickly gained popularity among hunters and sportsmen.
Breed Standardization
The English Setter was one of the first nine breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1878. The breed's elegant appearance and gentle temperament made it popular both as a hunting companion and show dog. While field lines (often called Llewellin Setters) were bred for hunting performance and tend to be smaller and more energetic, show lines (Laverack type) were developed for conformation and typically have more substantial bone and coat. Both types share the breed's characteristic gentle nature and bird-finding ability.
Breed Development Timeline
- 14th-16th Century: Early setting spaniels developed in England and France
- Early 19th Century: Edward Laverack establishes breed type through linebreeding
- Mid-19th Century: R.L. Purcell Llewellin develops field-trial lines
- Early 1800s: First English Setters arrive in the United States
- 1878: AKC officially recognizes the English Setter
- 20th Century: Breed splits into show and field lines
- Present Day: Popular as both hunting dogs and family companions
Appearance & Physical Traits
The English Setter is the picture of canine elegance—balanced, graceful, and athletic with an expression of gentle intelligence.
Physical Characteristics
- Body: Moderately long, clean, and athletic with well-spring ribs
- Head: Long and reasonably lean with clearly defined stop
- Eyes: Dark brown, rounded, with soft, intelligent expression
- Ears: Set low, hanging in graceful folds close to head
- Tail: Medium length, straight or slightly curved, well-feathered
- Gait: Smooth, flowing, and effortless with head carried high
Coat and Colors
The Setter's coat is medium-length, silky, and flat with feathering on ears, chest, belly, legs, and tail:
- Coat Type: Silky, flat, with moderate feathering
- Color Patterns: White background with intermingled colored hairs (belton)
- Acceptable Colors: Blue belton, orange belton, lemon belton, liver belton, tricolor
- Marking Patterns: Flecking or ticking distributed evenly or in patches
- Coat Care: Regular brushing required to prevent matting
Size and Proportion
English Setters are medium to large dogs with balanced proportions:
- Height: Males 25-27 inches; females 24-26 inches at shoulder
- Weight: Males 65-80 pounds; females 45-55 pounds
- Build: Square proportion (height equals length)
- Substance: Athletic without being bulky; built for endurance
Temperament & Personality
The English Setter combines gentle affection with enthusiastic hunting drive, creating a versatile companion equally at home in the field or curled up with family.
Gentle & Affectionate
Setters form strong bonds with their families and are known for their sweet, gentle nature. They thrive on human companionship and make devoted, loving family members who get along with everyone.
Friendly & Outgoing
These are typically friendly dogs who welcome strangers and other animals. Their sociable nature makes them poor guard dogs but wonderful family companions and therapy dogs.
Intelligent & Willing
Setters are intelligent and generally eager to please, though they can have an independent streak. They respond well to positive training methods and enjoy learning new things.
Playful & Energetic
While gentle and calm indoors, Setters have bursts of energy and enjoy playtime. They maintain their playful, puppy-like attitude well into adulthood.
Important Temperament Considerations
While English Setters are generally gentle and even-tempered, their energy level and hunting instincts require appropriate outlets. Without sufficient exercise and mental stimulation, they can become destructive or develop behavioral issues. Their strong prey drive means they may chase small animals, so secure fencing is essential. Early socialization is important to ensure they develop into well-adjusted adults. Setters are sensitive dogs who respond poorly to harsh training methods. They thrive on positive reinforcement and consistent, patient training. Their intelligence means they need mental challenges as well as physical exercise. Field lines typically have higher energy and stronger hunting instincts than show lines.
Temperament Traits
Exercise & Activity Needs
English Setters are active sporting dogs that require regular exercise to stay physically and mentally healthy.
Daily Exercise
60+ Minutes
Brisk walks, free running, or play sessions. Setters enjoy having space to run and explore but are generally calmer indoors than many sporting breeds.
Mental stimulation is important for this intelligent breed.
Structured Activities
30-45 Minutes
Field work, hiking, agility, or other dog sports. These activities provide both physical and mental challenges that fulfill their natural instincts.
Fulfills their natural hunting and working instincts.
Mental Stimulation
Daily
Scent work, puzzle toys, and training games prevent boredom. Their intelligent nature requires regular mental engagement.
Prevents destructive behaviors from boredom.
Weekly Exercise Schedule
- Daily: 60+ minutes of exercise + mental stimulation
- 4-5 times per week: Opportunities for off-leash running in secure areas
- Weekly: Opportunities for field work or hunting activities
- Ongoing: Access to safe areas for running and exploring
Exercise Considerations
English Setters are bred for endurance and can cover ground efficiently when hunting. They excel at activities that engage both their body and mind, particularly those that utilize their natural bird-finding instincts. Always use a leash or secure fencing, as their prey drive may cause them to follow interesting scents. Puppies should not be over-exercised during growth periods to protect developing joints. These dogs are generally good in various weather conditions but their feathered coat may require extra care in wet or muddy conditions. Setters thrive when given opportunities to use their natural abilities and enjoy participating in canine sports like field trials, agility, and obedience competitions.
Diet & Nutrition
Proper nutrition is essential for English Setters, who require a high-quality diet to fuel their active lifestyle and maintain their beautiful coat.
Puppy Diet
0-15 Months
High-quality large breed puppy food formulated for controlled growth, fed 3-4 times daily. Proper nutrition supports healthy bone and joint development.
Puppies need frequent, measured meals for proper growth.
Adult Diet
1.5-7 Years
High-quality adult dog food with balanced protein and fat levels. Adults typically need 2.5-3 cups daily, divided into two meals.
Adjust portions based on activity level and metabolism.
Senior Diet
7+ Years
Senior formula with joint support, controlled calories, and adjusted nutrient levels. Monitor weight and adjust portions as activity decreases.
Seniors may need smaller, more frequent meals.
Nutritional Requirements
- Protein: High-quality sources for muscle maintenance (22-26%)
- Fat: Moderate levels for energy and coat health
- Joint Support: Glucosamine and chondroitin for active dogs
- Omega Fatty Acids: Essential for skin and coat health
- Portion Control: Important to maintain ideal body condition
Feeding Considerations
Active English Setters may require more calories than less active breeds, but portion control is still important to prevent obesity. Feed high-quality food appropriate for their life stage and activity level. Some Setters can be prone to food allergies, which may manifest as skin issues or digestive problems. Always provide fresh water. Their feathered ears can dip into water bowls, so consider a narrower bowl or frequent ear cleaning. Avoid vigorous exercise immediately before or after meals. Consult your veterinarian for specific dietary recommendations based on your Setter's individual needs, particularly if they participate in regular hunting or other strenuous activities.
Health & Care
English Setters are generally healthy with a lifespan of 12-15 years, but like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions.
Common Health Concerns
| Health Condition | Description | Prevention/Management |
|---|---|---|
| Hip Dysplasia | Developmental abnormality of hip joint | Weight management, proper nutrition, screening breeding dogs |
| Elbow Dysplasia | Developmental abnormality of elbow joint | Controlled exercise during growth, weight management |
| Deafness | Congenital deafness, particularly in predominantly white dogs | BAER testing of breeding dogs, management of affected dogs |
| Thyroid Issues | Hypothyroidism affecting metabolism | Regular screening, medication management |
| Allergies | Skin or food allergies causing irritation | Identification of triggers, dietary management, medication |
| Eye Conditions | Progressive retinal atrophy, entropion | Regular eye exams, surgical correction if needed |
Grooming Requirements
The Setter's beautiful feathered coat requires regular maintenance to keep it looking its best and prevent matting.
Regular Brushing
2-3 Times Weekly
Regular brushing with slicker brush and comb to prevent mats and tangles. Pay special attention to feathering on ears, legs, chest, and tail.
More frequent brushing during seasonal shedding.
Professional Grooming
Every 6-8 Weeks
Regular trimming, ear cleaning, and nail care. Many owners prefer professional grooming to maintain the breed's characteristic appearance.
Field dogs may be kept in a shorter trim for practicality.
Preventive Care
- Regular Veterinary Visits: Annual check-ups, more frequently for seniors
- Dental Care: Daily brushing and professional cleanings as needed
- Weight Management: Regular monitoring to maintain athletic condition
- Joint Health: Appropriate exercise and supplements as recommended
- Parasite Prevention: Regular flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
Training & Behavior
Training an English Setter requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of their gentle but sometimes independent nature.
Training Approach
- Positive Reinforcement: Use reward-based training with high-value treats, praise, and play
- Early Start: Begin training and socialization from 8-10 weeks old
- Consistency: Establish clear rules and expectations from the beginning
- Gentle Methods: Setters are sensitive and respond poorly to harsh correction
- Short Sessions: Keep training brief and engaging to maintain focus
Socialization Needs
Early and extensive socialization is important for English Setters:
- Puppy Classes: Enroll in puppy kindergarten for early socialization
- Various Environments: Expose to different people, places, and situations
- Controlled Introductions: Supervised meetings with various people and animals
- Positive Experiences: Ensure new experiences are positive and not overwhelming
Training Tips
English Setters respond best to positive reinforcement methods and patient, consistent training. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may become bored with repetition. Incorporate variety into training sessions to maintain their interest. Their strong prey drive requires reliable recall training, which should be practiced in safely enclosed areas. Socialization is particularly important to ensure they develop appropriate behaviors around other animals. Setters are sensitive dogs who don't respond well to harsh correction. Training should focus on establishing reliable obedience and solid manners. These dogs excel when given jobs to do and enjoy participating in canine sports and activities that utilize their natural abilities.
Common Behavioral Issues
- Separation Anxiety: May develop if left alone too much
- Chasing Instincts: Strong prey drive may lead to chasing small animals
- Jumping Up: Exuberant greeting behavior
- Barking: May bark to alert or when bored
- Counter Surfing: Their height makes counters accessible
Living Environment
English Setters can adapt to various living situations when their exercise needs are met, but they thrive best in homes with access to outdoor space.
Ideal Home Setup
- Space: Best suited for homes with securely fenced yards but can adapt to apartments with dedicated exercise
- Secure Fencing: Essential due to their hunting instincts and potential to follow scents
- Indoor Access: Should live indoors as part of the family
- Comfortable Resting: Soft beds to support their joints and protect their coat
Family Compatibility
- Children: Excellent with children, gentle and patient
- Other Pets: Usually good with other dogs; may chase cats or small pets
- Seniors: May be suitable for active seniors who can provide proper exercise
- First-time Owners: Good choice for committed first-time owners
Important Considerations
English Setters are active dogs that require regular exercise and mental stimulation. Their strong prey drive means they may chase small animals, so secure containment is essential. They thrive on human companionship and don't do well when left alone for long periods. Potential owners should be prepared for their grooming requirements, particularly the maintenance of their feathered coat. Setters are best suited for households where they can participate in family activities. They're sensitive dogs who do best with positive reinforcement training and consistent routines. While generally healthy, they require regular veterinary care and preventive health measures, including attention to their ears which can be prone to infections.
Best Living Situation
The ideal home for an English Setter is with an individual or family who:
- Can provide regular exercise and outdoor access
- Has a securely fenced yard or access to safe running areas
- Values a gentle, affectionate companion
- Is committed to regular grooming and coat maintenance
- Enjoys outdoor activities and canine sports
Cost & Availability
English Setters are a moderately popular breed with specific considerations regarding cost and availability.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase Price | $1,200 - $2,800+ | From reputable breeders; show or field lines at higher end |
| Adoption Fee | $300 - $600 | From shelters or breed-specific rescues |
| Initial Supplies | $500 - $900 | Crate, bed, bowls, collar, leash, grooming tools |
| Initial Vet Care | $400 - $700 | Exams, vaccinations, spay/neuter, microchip |
| Training Classes | $150 - $400 | Puppy kindergarten and basic obedience |
Annual Costs
- Food: $700 - $1,000 for high-quality dog food
- Veterinary Care: $500 - $900 for routine care and potential health issues
- Grooming: $600 - $1,200 for professional grooming every 6-8 weeks
- Preventive Medications: $300 - $500 for flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
- Training/Activities: $200 - $500 for ongoing classes or activities
- Miscellaneous: $300 - $600 for toys, treats, replacements
Availability
- Breeders: Reputable breeders available; may specialize in show or field lines
- Rescues: Available through shelters and breed-specific rescues
- Popularity: Consistently ranked around 95th in AKC popularity
- Geographic Variation: More common in hunting regions
- Waiting Period: May be wait for puppies from reputable breeders
Similar Breeds
If you're interested in the English Setter but want to explore similar breeds, consider these alternatives:
Irish Setter
Similar hunting heritage and energy level but with solid mahogany coat and different appearance. Generally more energetic and exuberant with different grooming requirements.
Gordon Setter
Similar setter heritage and hunting ability but with black and tan coat and different temperament. Generally more reserved with strangers and slightly larger.
Britanny
Similar hunting instincts and energy level but smaller in size with different appearance. Generally more compact with different coat type and similar exercise requirements.
Springer Spaniel
Similar hunting background and friendly nature but with flushing rather than pointing instincts. Generally more compact with different coat and similar energy level.
Frequently Asked Questions
English Setters are excellent family pets known for their gentle, affectionate nature. They're typically wonderful with children, patient and tolerant of family activities. Their friendly disposition makes them good with strangers and other pets. However, their energy level means they're best suited for active families who can provide regular exercise. They thrive in homes where they're included in family activities and given appropriate outlets for their energy and intelligence. With proper exercise and training, they make devoted, loving family members who get along with everyone from children to seniors.
English Setters need at least 60 minutes of exercise daily, plus mental stimulation. They're bred for endurance and enjoy opportunities to run and explore. Their exercise should include daily walks, opportunities for running in safely enclosed areas, and activities that engage their minds. Mental stimulation is particularly important for this intelligent breed. They're generally calm indoors when properly exercised but can become destructive if their needs aren't met. Field lines typically require more exercise than show lines. It's important to provide a variety of activities to prevent boredom and channel their energy positively.
English Setters generally get along well with other dogs, especially when properly socialized. However, their strong prey drive means they may chase cats or other small pets, particularly if they run. Early socialization and training can help manage this instinct, but careful supervision is always recommended. Many Setters can learn to coexist peacefully with cats they're raised with, but their hunting instincts may still emerge. Introductions to other pets should be done gradually and under controlled circumstances. With proper management, many Setters live happily with other animals, but their interactions should always be supervised, especially with smaller pets.
English Setters have moderate maintenance requirements. Their beautiful feathered coat requires regular brushing (2-3 times weekly) to prevent mats and tangles, and many owners opt for professional grooming every 6-8 weeks. They also need regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and healthy. However, they're generally easier to train than some sporting breeds and have wonderful temperaments that make them enjoyable companions. While they require commitment to grooming and exercise, many owners find the effort worthwhile for such a gentle, affectionate dog. Field lines may have shorter coats and require less grooming maintenance than show lines.
English Setters are intelligent and generally eager to please, making them quite trainable when proper methods are used. They respond best to positive reinforcement training, consistency, and clear communication. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may become bored with repetition. Their gentle nature means they respond poorly to harsh correction. Training requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of the breed's characteristics. They excel when training is varied and engaging, and they respond well to training that incorporates their natural abilities. Early socialization and obedience training are important for developing a well-mannered adult.
The average lifespan of an English Setter is 12-15 years, which is typical for a medium to large breed. With excellent care, some individuals may live slightly longer. Factors that influence lifespan include genetics, diet, exercise, preventive veterinary care, and management of any health issues. Providing a healthy lifestyle with proper weight management, regular veterinary check-ups, attention to joint health, and prompt treatment of any health concerns can help ensure your Setter lives a long, healthy life. Like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions that can affect quality of life and longevity.
English Setters are moderate shedders. Their silky coat sheds year-round, with increased shedding during seasonal changes. Regular brushing (2-3 times weekly) helps remove loose hair and keep shedding under control. Their feathered areas (ears, legs, chest, and tail) require particular attention to prevent mats and tangles. While no dog is completely non-shedding, regular grooming can minimize the amount of hair in your home. Many owners find that the Setter's beautiful appearance is worth the grooming commitment. Field lines often have less coat and may shed slightly less than show lines.
English Setters can be good for committed first-time dog owners who are prepared for their exercise and grooming needs. Their generally gentle, friendly nature makes them good companions, and they're typically easier to train than some sporting breeds. However, their energy level and grooming requirements can be challenging for inexperienced owners. First-time owners should be prepared for the time commitment required for proper exercise, training, and coat maintenance. Those who lead active lifestyles and are willing to invest time in grooming may find a Setter to be a rewarding first dog. Less active owners or those unwilling to commit to regular grooming might find the breed's requirements overwhelming.
Bottom Line: Is an English Setter Right for You?
The English Setter is a magnificent breed with centuries of hunting heritage, combining elegant beauty, gentle affection, and athletic ability. These graceful dogs form strong bonds with their families and bring beauty and joy to households. However, they're not the right choice for everyone. Their moderate to high exercise requirements, grooming needs, and hunting instincts require committed ownership. They thrive in homes with active lifestyles, secure outdoor space, and families who understand and appreciate their gentle nature and bird-finding instincts. If you're looking for an elegant, affectionate companion and are prepared for their specific needs—including regular exercise, grooming, and training—the English Setter might be your perfect match. This aristocratic breed rewards dedicated owners with unwavering loyalty, breathtaking beauty, and hunting prowess that has made them valued companions for centuries.
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