Dawn Lowery 
Old English Sheepdog
The Old English Sheepdog is an iconic breed known for its shaggy double coat, bear-like appearance, and charming personality. With their distinctive silhouette, rolling gait, and ever-wagging tail, these dogs capture hearts wherever they go. Originally developed in England's West Country for driving cattle and sheep to market, they combine strength, intelligence, and a wonderful sense of humor in a large, lovable package.
Known for their adaptability and gentle nature, Old English Sheepdogs have transitioned from working farm dogs to beloved family companions while retaining their herding instincts and playful spirit. Their intelligence and eagerness to please make them highly trainable, though their independent streak and sometimes clownish behavior require patient, consistent training.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about the Old English Sheepdog—from their fascinating history as drovers' dogs to their specific care requirements and whether this affectionate, charismatic breed might be the right companion for your family.
Basic Information
The Old English Sheepdog is a large, muscular breed known for its profuse coat, distinctive bear-like gait, and adaptable, good-natured personality.
| Other Names | Bobtail, OES, Shepherd's Dog |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Herding (AKC), Pastoral (UKC) |
| Origin | England |
| Height | 21-24 inches (males 22-24", females 21-22") |
| Weight | 60-100 pounds (males 70-100, females 60-85) |
| Lifespan | 10-12 years |
| Coat | Double coat: harsh, shaggy outer coat and soft, waterproof undercoat |
| Colors | Any shade of gray, grizzle, blue or blue merle with white markings |
| Temperament | Adaptable, intelligent, gentle, playful |
| Energy Level | Moderate - requires regular daily exercise |
| Good With | Families, children, other pets when socialized |
Did You Know?
The Old English Sheepdog's nickname "Bobtail" comes from the historical practice of docking their tails. In 18th century England, drovers' dogs with docked tails were exempt from taxes, so the practice became standard for working dogs. The breed's distinctive coat served practical purposes - the waterproof undercoat protected them from harsh weather while herding, and the shaggy outer coat helped them blend with the sheep they were herding. Old English Sheepdogs have been featured in numerous films and television shows, most famously in the Disney movie "The Shaggy Dog" and its sequels. Their popularity surged after winning Best in Show at Crufts in 1914 and Westminster in 1914 and 1915.
History and Origin
The Old English Sheepdog was developed in the early 19th century in western England as a versatile drover's dog capable of herding cattle and sheep to market.
Development in England
The Old English Sheepdog's exact origins are somewhat obscure, but they likely descend from various European herding breeds including the Bearded Collie, Russian Owtchar, and possibly the Briard. They were developed in the counties of Devon, Somerset, Cornwall, and Dorset to drive cattle and sheep to market, a task that required intelligence, strength, and endurance.
Their distinctive coat served practical purposes - the waterproof undercoat protected them from England's notoriously wet climate, while the shaggy outer coat helped them blend with the sheep they were herding. The breed's intelligence and adaptability made them excellent working partners, capable of making independent decisions while driving livestock over long distances.
Breed Recognition and Development
The first Old English Sheepdog club was formed in the United States in 1904, and the breed was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1888. The breed standard was established in England in the 1880s, with the first specialty show held in 1885. Old English Sheepdogs gained popularity among the wealthy in the late 19th century, particularly after being exhibited at dog shows. Their distinctive appearance and charming personality made them popular as companion animals, though they maintained their working abilities. The breed faced challenges during World War II when breeding programs were disrupted, but dedicated breeders worked to preserve the breed's characteristics. Today, while less common than some breeds, Old English Sheepdogs maintain a dedicated following worldwide.
Breed Development Timeline
- Early 19th Century: Developed in western England as drover's dog
- 1873: First shown at Birmingham, England dog show
- 1885: First specialty show for the breed
- 1888: Recognized by American Kennel Club
- 1904: Old English Sheepdog Club of America founded
- 1914: Wins Best in Show at Crufts and Westminster
- Present Day: Maintains dedicated following as family companion
Appearance & Physical Traits
The Old English Sheepdog is a strong, compact dog with a distinctive shaggy coat and characteristic bear-like gait.
Physical Characteristics
- Body: Rather compact and short-coupled, very strong
- Head: Large, rather square skull with definite stop
- Eyes: Dark or wall eyes, set well apart
- Ears: Medium-sized, carried flat to side of head
- Tail: Customarily docked close to body (where legal)
- Gait: Bear-like roll when walking or trotting
Coat and Colors
The Old English Sheepdog's distinctive coat requires extensive maintenance:
- Coat Type: Double coat with profuse, harsh-textured outer coat and waterproof undercoat
- Color Pattern: Any shade of gray, grizzle, blue or blue merle with white markings
- Acceptable Colors: Gray, grizzle, blue, blue merle, often with white markings
- Coat Care: Daily brushing required to prevent mats
- Disqualifications: Any color not described in standard
Size and Proportion
Old English Sheepdogs are large, substantial dogs:
- Height: Males 22-24 inches; females 21-22 inches at shoulder
- Weight: Males 70-100 pounds; females 60-85 pounds
- Build: Compact and strong, slightly longer than tall
- Substance: Sturdy, well-boned, muscular with substantial bone
Temperament & Personality
The Old English Sheepdog's temperament combines intelligence, adaptability, and a wonderful sense of humor with gentle loyalty.
Gentle & Adaptable
Old English Sheepdogs are known for their gentle, adaptable nature. They thrive in various living situations and get along well with children and other pets when properly socialized.
Playful & Clownish
These dogs maintain a playful, sometimes clownish attitude throughout their lives. They enjoy games and often exhibit amusing behaviors that endear them to their families.
Intelligent & Independent
Old English Sheepdogs are intelligent dogs capable of learning quickly, though they can be independent thinkers. They excel at problem-solving and enjoy mental challenges.
Protective & Alert
While generally friendly, Old English Sheepdogs are protective of their families and make excellent watchdogs. They're alert to their surroundings and will bark to alert their owners.
Important Temperament Considerations
Old English Sheepdogs are intelligent, social dogs that require proper socialization and training from an early age. Their herding heritage means they may try to herd children or other pets, which requires management. Without adequate exercise and mental stimulation, they can become bored and develop destructive behaviors. Their protective nature requires careful socialization to prevent over-protectiveness. Old English Sheepdogs are sensitive to their owner's tone and respond best to positive reinforcement training methods. They thrive on human companionship and can develop separation anxiety if left alone for extended periods. These dogs mature slowly and may not reach full mental maturity until 2-3 years of age, requiring patience during their development.
Temperament Traits
Exercise & Activity Needs
Old English Sheepdogs are moderately energetic dogs that require regular daily exercise and mental stimulation to stay healthy and well-behaved.
Daily Exercise
45-60 Minutes
Regular walks, play sessions, and opportunities to run in secure areas. Old English Sheepdogs enjoy having space to explore but adapt well to various living situations with proper exercise.
Mental stimulation is as important as physical exercise.
Structured Activities
20-30 Minutes
Obedience training, herding, or other dog sports. These intelligent dogs thrive when given purposeful work and challenges that engage their minds.
Fulfills their natural intelligence and working instincts.
Mental Stimulation
Daily
Puzzle toys, scent work, and training games provide necessary mental challenges. Their intelligent nature needs regular engagement to prevent boredom.
Prevents destructive behaviors from boredom.
Weekly Exercise Schedule
- Daily: 45-60 minutes of exercise + mental stimulation
- 4-5 times per week: Structured training or working activities
- Weekly: Opportunities for off-leash running in secure areas
- Ongoing: Access to safe exploration and sniffing opportunities
Exercise Considerations
Old English Sheepdog puppies should not be over-exercised during their growth period to protect developing joints. Avoid strenuous exercise like long runs or jumping until they reach physical maturity around 18-24 months. Their thick coat makes them susceptible to overheating, so exercise should be adjusted in hot weather. Always provide plenty of fresh water and shade. These dogs excel at various dog sports including obedience, agility, and herding trials, which provide excellent physical and mental outlets. Old English Sheepdogs thrive when given jobs to do and enjoy participating in activities that engage their natural intelligence and problem-solving abilities.
Diet & Nutrition
Proper nutrition is essential for Old English Sheepdogs, who require a balanced diet to support their size and maintain optimal health.
Puppy Diet
0-18 Months
High-quality large breed puppy food formulated for controlled growth, fed 3-4 times daily. Proper nutrition supports healthy bone and joint development.
Puppies need frequent, measured meals for proper growth.
Adult Diet
1.5-7 Years
High-quality adult dog food with balanced protein and controlled calories. Adults typically need 3-4 cups daily, divided into two meals.
Adjust portions based on activity level and metabolism.
Senior Diet
7+ Years
Senior formula with joint support, controlled calories, and adjusted nutrient levels. Monitor weight and adjust portions as activity decreases.
Seniors may need smaller, more frequent meals.
Nutritional Requirements
- Protein: High-quality sources for muscle maintenance (22-26%)
- Fat: Moderate levels for energy without excessive weight gain
- Joint Support: Glucosamine and chondroitin for large breed dogs
- Omega Fatty Acids: Support skin, coat, and overall health
- Portion Control: Critical to prevent obesity and related health issues
Feeding Considerations
Old English Sheepdogs can be prone to food allergies, which may manifest as skin issues or digestive problems. Some individuals may be sensitive to grains or specific protein sources. Avoid free-feeding and measure all meals to prevent obesity, which can exacerbate joint issues in this large breed. Use elevated feeders to reduce strain on the neck and joints. Always provide fresh water. Old English Sheepdogs can be prone to bloat, so avoid vigorous exercise immediately before or after meals and consider feeding multiple smaller meals rather than one large meal. Consult your veterinarian for specific dietary recommendations based on your Old English Sheepdog's age, activity level, and health status.
Health & Care
Old English Sheepdogs are generally healthy with a lifespan of 10-12 years, but like all large breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions.
Common Health Concerns
| Health Condition | Description | Prevention/Management |
|---|---|---|
| Hip Dysplasia | Developmental abnormality of hip joints | Weight management, proper nutrition, screening breeding dogs |
| Elbow Dysplasia | Developmental abnormality of elbow joints | Weight management, proper nutrition, screening breeding dogs |
| Eye Conditions | Progressive retinal atrophy, cataracts | Regular eye exams, genetic testing of breeding dogs |
| Deafness | Congenital or acquired hearing loss | BAER testing, careful breeding selection |
| Thyroid Issues | Hypothyroidism affecting metabolism | Regular screening, medication management |
| Bloat (GDV) | Gastric dilatation-volvulus | Multiple small meals, avoid exercise after eating |
Grooming Requirements
The Old English Sheepdog's profuse coat requires extensive maintenance to keep it healthy and prevent matting.
Daily Brushing
30-45 Minutes Daily
Daily brushing with slicker brush and metal comb to prevent mats and tangles. Regular line brushing technique is essential to reach the undercoat.
Prevention is easier than removing established mats.
Professional Grooming
Every 4-6 Weeks
Regular professional grooming for bathing, trimming, and maintaining coat health. Many owners opt for a "puppy cut" to reduce maintenance.
Professional grooming helps maintain skin health.
Bathing & Maintenance
Every 2-4 Weeks
Regular bathing with dog-specific shampoo and conditioner. Regular ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental care are also essential.
Proper drying is crucial to prevent skin issues.
Preventive Care
- Regular Veterinary Visits: Annual check-ups, more frequently for seniors
- Dental Care: Daily brushing and professional cleanings as needed
- Weight Management: Regular monitoring to prevent joint stress
- Ear Care: Weekly cleaning and inspection (ears are covered by hair)
- Parasite Prevention: Regular flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
Training & Behavior
Training an Old English Sheepdog requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of their intelligent but sometimes stubborn nature.
Training Approach
- Positive Reinforcement: Use reward-based training with high-value treats, praise, and play
- Early Start: Begin training and socialization from 8-10 weeks old
- Consistency: Establish clear rules and expectations from the beginning
- Patience: Old English Sheepdogs can be stubborn and may mature slowly
- Short Sessions: Keep training brief and engaging to maintain focus
Socialization Needs
Early and extensive socialization is crucial for Old English Sheepdogs:
- Puppy Classes: Enroll in puppy kindergarten for early socialization
- Various Environments: Expose to different people, places, and situations
- Controlled Introductions: Supervised meetings with various people and animals
- Positive Experiences: Ensure new experiences are positive and not overwhelming
Training Tips
Old English Sheepdogs respond best to positive reinforcement methods and patient, consistent training. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may challenge commands that seem arbitrary. Socialization is particularly important to ensure they develop appropriate behaviors around strangers and other animals. Their herding instincts mean they may try to herd children or other pets, which requires management through training. Training should focus on establishing reliable obedience and solid manners. Remember that Old English Sheepdogs are sensitive to their owner's tone and respond poorly to harsh training methods. Be patient and consistent, and celebrate small victories. These dogs excel when given jobs to do and enjoy participating in canine sports that utilize their natural intelligence.
Common Behavioral Issues
- Herding Behavior: May try to herd children, pets, or moving objects
- Barking: Alert barking at noises or movement
- Stubbornness: May ignore commands if not properly motivated
- Separation Anxiety: Can develop due to strong attachment to owners
- Destructive Behavior: May occur without adequate exercise and mental stimulation
Living Environment
Old English Sheepdogs can adapt to various living situations when their exercise and grooming needs are met.
Ideal Home Setup
- Space: Best suited for homes with space to move around
- Secure Fencing: Important for safe off-leash exercise
- Indoor Access: Should live indoors as part of the family
- Grooming Area: Designated space for daily brushing and maintenance
Family Compatibility
- Children: Excellent with children; gentle and protective
- Other Pets: Generally good with other pets when properly socialized
- Seniors: May be suitable for active seniors who can manage grooming
- First-time Owners: Possible with commitment to training and grooming
Important Considerations
Old English Sheepdogs are large, active dogs that require space to move comfortably. Their extensive grooming requirements represent a significant time and financial commitment. They need consistent leadership and boundaries to thrive as family companions. Their size and strength require owners who can physically manage them. Potential owners should be prepared for their grooming requirements and need for early and ongoing socialization. Old English Sheepdogs are best suited for households where they receive adequate exercise and mental stimulation. They're intelligent dogs who can become bored easily, so mental enrichment is important. While generally good-natured, they can be reserved with strangers and make excellent watchdogs. Their thick coat makes them susceptible to overheating in warm climates.
Best Living Situation
The ideal home for an Old English Sheepdog is with an individual or family who:
- Can provide regular daily exercise and mental stimulation
- Is committed to extensive daily grooming or professional grooming costs
- Values a gentle, adaptable companion
- Can provide consistent training and leadership
- Has space for a large dog to move comfortably
Cost & Availability
Old English Sheepdogs are a moderately popular breed with specific considerations regarding cost and availability.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase Price | $1,500 - $3,000+ | From reputable breeders; show quality at higher end |
| Adoption Fee | $300 - $600 | From shelters or breed-specific rescues |
| Initial Supplies | $500 - $800 | Crate, bed, bowls, collar, leash, grooming tools |
| Initial Vet Care | $400 - $700 | Exams, vaccinations, spay/neuter, microchip |
| Training Classes | $150 - $400 | Puppy kindergarten and basic obedience |
Annual Costs
- Food: $700 - $1,000 for high-quality dog food
- Veterinary Care: $500 - $900 for routine care and potential health issues
- Grooming: $1,000 - $2,000 for professional grooming every 4-6 weeks
- Preventive Medications: $300 - $500 for flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
- Training/Activities: $200 - $500 for ongoing classes or activities
- Miscellaneous: $400 - $700 for toys, treats, replacements
Availability
- Breeders: Reputable breeders available but less common than some breeds
- Rescues: Available through shelters and breed-specific rescues
- Popularity: Ranked 71st in AKC popularity (2023)
- Geographic Variation: Available throughout the country
- Waiting Period: May be wait for puppies from reputable breeders
Similar Breeds
If you're interested in the Old English Sheepdog but want to explore similar breeds, consider these alternatives:
Bearded Collie
Similar shaggy coat and herding heritage but smaller and more energetic. Generally similar in appearance with comparable grooming needs in a more active package.
Briard
Similar size and coat type but with different appearance and more protective nature. Generally similar in grooming requirements with different temperament traits.
Bergamasco Sheepdog
Similar herding heritage and distinctive coat but with different coat texture and maintenance. Generally similar in temperament with unique coat care requirements.
Portuguese Water Dog
Similar size and curly coat but with different heritage and energy level. Generally more active with different grooming requirements and personality traits.
Frequently Asked Questions
Old English Sheepdogs are excellent family pets for the right families. They're gentle, adaptable, and generally wonderful with children. However, their large size and extensive grooming requirements mean they're best suited for families who can provide proper training, exercise, and grooming care. They need families who understand and respect their herding heritage and can provide the structure and leadership they require. With proper training and socialization, they can be wonderful family companions, but they're not recommended for families who cannot commit to their grooming needs or who have very limited space.
Old English Sheepdogs need about 45-60 minutes of exercise daily, plus mental stimulation. They enjoy walks, play sessions, and opportunities to run in securely fenced areas. Their exercise should include daily opportunities for activity and mental challenges. Mental stimulation is particularly important for this intelligent breed. They're generally calm indoors when properly exercised but need regular outdoor activity. It's important to balance sufficient exercise with their large size and potential for joint issues. Puppies should not be over-exercised to protect developing joints. Their thick coat makes them susceptible to overheating, so exercise should be adjusted in hot weather.
Old English Sheepdogs generally get along well with other pets, especially when properly socialized from puppyhood. However, their herding instincts mean they may try to herd cats or other small pets, particularly if they run. Early socialization and training can help manage this instinct, but careful supervision is always recommended. Many Old English Sheepdogs can learn to coexist peacefully with cats they're raised with, but their herding instincts may still emerge. Introductions to other pets should be done gradually and under controlled circumstances. With proper management, most Old English Sheepdogs live happily with other animals, but their interactions should always be supervised, especially with smaller pets.
Old English Sheepdogs are intelligent and capable learners, but they can be independent and sometimes stubborn, which can make training challenging for inexperienced owners. They respond best to positive reinforcement methods, consistency, and patience. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may choose not to obey commands if they see no benefit. Training should be engaging and varied to maintain their interest. Early socialization and obedience training are crucial for developing a well-mannered adult. While they're not the easiest breed to train, dedicated owners who use positive methods and understand their sometimes stubborn nature can achieve excellent results. Their intelligence means they excel at various dog sports and activities.
Old English Sheepdogs are moderate shedders, but their long coat means that without regular grooming, the shed hair can become trapped and form mats. Daily brushing is essential to remove loose hair and prevent matting. While they don't shed as heavily as some breeds, their grooming requirements are extensive due to the length and texture of their coat. Regular grooming not only controls shedding but also helps distribute skin oils and keep the coat healthy. Many owners opt for a shorter "puppy cut" to reduce grooming time while maintaining the breed's distinctive appearance.
The average lifespan of an Old English Sheepdog is 10-12 years, which is typical for a large breed. With excellent care, some individuals may live slightly longer. Factors that influence lifespan include genetics, diet, exercise, preventive veterinary care, and management of any health issues. Providing a healthy lifestyle with proper weight management, regular veterinary check-ups, attention to joint health, and prompt treatment of any health concerns can help ensure your Old English Sheepdog lives a long, healthy life. Like all large breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions that can affect quality of life and longevity, so working with a reputable breeder who health tests their breeding stock is important.
Old English Sheepdogs can be suitable for first-time dog owners who are committed to proper training, socialization, and especially grooming care. Their gentle nature and adaptability make them good companions, but their extensive grooming requirements represent a significant commitment. First-time owners may find their size and grooming needs challenging without proper preparation. Most experts recommend that first-time owners do thorough research and be prepared for the grooming commitment required. Exceptionally dedicated first-time owners with ample time and resources can succeed with an Old English Sheepdog, but they should have support from experienced breeders or trainers.
Old English Sheepdogs have very high grooming requirements. Their profuse double coat requires daily brushing for 30-45 minutes to prevent mats and tangles. Regular professional grooming every 4-6 weeks is typically recommended for bathing, trimming, and maintaining coat health. In addition to coat care, their ears need weekly cleaning (as they're covered by hair), and their nails require regular trimming. Many owners opt for a shorter "puppy cut" to reduce maintenance time while maintaining the breed's distinctive appearance. The grooming commitment is substantial and represents a significant time and financial investment that potential owners should carefully consider.
Bottom Line: Is an Old English Sheepdog Right for You?
The Old English Sheepdog is a magnificent breed with a rich history as a working drover's dog, combining gentle loyalty, intelligence, and a wonderful sense of humor in a large, lovable package. These distinctive shaggy dogs form strong bonds with their families and bring joy and character to any household. However, they're not the right choice for everyone. Their extensive grooming requirements represent a significant time and financial commitment that potential owners must carefully consider. They thrive in homes with consistent leadership and families who understand and respect their herding heritage and need for moderate exercise. If you're looking for a gentle, adaptable companion and are prepared for their specific needs—including substantial grooming, regular exercise, and proper training—the Old English Sheepdog might be your perfect match. This charismatic breed rewards dedicated owners with unwavering loyalty, gentle companionship, and endless entertainment that has made them beloved family members for generations.
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