Dawn Lowery 
American Staffordshire Terrier
American Staffordshire Terrier: The Courageous Companion
Strength, Loyalty, and Heart in One Package
The American Staffordshire Terrier, known to their fans as AmStaffs, are smart, confident, good-natured companions with courage that is proverbial. A responsibly bred, well-socialized AmStaff is a loyal, trustworthy friend to the end.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about the American Staffordshire Terrier—from their fascinating history as versatile working dogs to their modern role as devoted family companions and their specific care requirements.
Keep reading to discover if this strong yet affectionate breed is the right match for your family and lifestyle!
Basic Information
The American Staffordshire Terrier is a muscular, compact, and loyal breed known for their courage and affectionate nature with family. Despite their powerful appearance, they are people-oriented dogs that thrive as part of the family.
| Other Names | AmStaff, American Staffy |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Terrier (AKC) |
| Origin | United States |
| Height | Males: 18-19 inches; Females: 17-18 inches |
| Weight | Males: 55-70 lbs; Females: 40-55 lbs |
| Lifespan | 12-16 years |
| Coat | Short, smooth, single-layer coat |
| Color | Black, fawn, red, white, blue, solid, part or patched, brindle |
| Temperament | Confident, smart, good-natured, loyal, courageous |
| Energy Level | Medium to High - requires regular daily exercise |
| Good With | Families with children; experienced dog owners |
Did You Know?
The most decorated dog of World War I was an American Staffordshire Terrier named "Stubby," who earned the rank of Sergeant for his service. Stubby participated in 17 battles, saved his regiment from surprise mustard gas attacks, and even captured a German spy.
History and Origin
The American Staffordshire Terrier has a complex history that traces back to 18th-century England before developing into the modern breed we know today in the United States.
Early Development
The AmStaff's origins begin with crosses between the older bulldog of England, bred for bull baiting, and various terriers, particularly the English Black and Tan Terrier. Initially known as the Bull and Terrier Dog, these crosses were developed for strength, courage, and tenacity.
When these dogs were brought to America by immigrants, they were valued by pioneers as vermin dogs, household protectors, hunting companions, and herders. American breeders developed a slightly larger dog than the English version, focusing on a family companion with guarding abilities.
Breed Recognition
The breed was first recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1936 as the Staffordshire Terrier. The name was chosen because ancestors of the breed were claimed to originally come from Staffordshire, England. On January 1, 1969, the name was revised to American Staffordshire Terrier to distinguish it from the smaller British Staffordshire Bull Terrier.
Modern Development
The American Staffordshire Terrier's journey to becoming a recognized breed involved several key developments:
- Late 1800s: Immigrants brought bull and terrier crosses to the United States
- 1936: Recognized by the American Kennel Club as the Staffordshire Terrier
- 1969: Name officially changed to American Staffordshire Terrier
- 1970s: AKC closed the stud book to UKC-registered American Pit Bull Terriers
- Modern Era: Developed as a show dog and family companion distinct from fighting breeds
Today, responsible breeders focus on producing dogs with stable temperaments suitable for family life while maintaining the breed's distinctive appearance and loyal nature.
Appearance & Physical Traits
The American Staffordshire Terrier presents a powerful, muscular appearance that conveys great strength for their size while maintaining agility and grace.
Physical Characteristics
- Body: Stocky, well-put-together, muscular but agile and graceful
- Head: Medium length with broad skull, distinct stop, pronounced cheek muscles
- Eyes: Dark and round, set low and far apart
- Ears: Set high on head, can be cropped or uncropped (uncropped preferred)
- Tail: Short in comparison to size, tapering to point, not curled
Coat and Colors
- Texture: Short, smooth, stiff to the touch, glossy appearance
- Colors: Any color including black, fawn, red, white, blue, solid, part or patched, brindle
- Discouraged: Liver, black and tan, more than 80% white
- Nose Color: Must always be black according to breed standard
Size and Proportion
American Staffordshire Terriers are medium-sized, powerful dogs with substantial presence:
- Height: Males 46-48 cm (18-19 in), Females 43-46 cm (17-18 in)
- Weight: 40-70 pounds (18-32 kg), proportional to height
- Build: Stocky, not long-legged or racy in outline; height and weight in proportion
- Overall Impression: Great strength for size, muscular but agile
Temperament & Personality
The American Staffordshire Terrier possesses a complex temperament that combines courage, loyalty, and affection when properly bred and socialized.
Loyal & Affectionate
AmStaffs form strong bonds with their families and are known for their devotion. They are people-oriented dogs that thrive on human companionship and want to be involved in family activities.
Intelligent & Confident
Highly intelligent with a confident demeanor, AmStaffs are keenly alive to their surroundings. They learn quickly and respond well to positive training methods.
Courageous & Protective
With proverbial courage, AmStaffs have strong protective instincts toward their family. They make excellent watchdogs and will alert to unusual situations.
Good-Natured & Playful
Despite their tough appearance, well-bred AmStaffs have a good-natured, playful side. They maintain a youthful exuberance and enjoy interactive games.
Important Temperament Considerations
Dog aggression can develop in American Staffordshire Terriers even if they have been well-socialized. The official breed club notes that "in general, an AmStaff should not be left alone with other dogs." Early and ongoing socialization is crucial, and interactions with other animals should always be supervised. Their strong prey drive may also lead them to chase small animals.
Temperament Traits
Exercise & Activity Needs
As an athletic breed, the American Staffordshire Terrier requires regular daily exercise to stay physically and mentally healthy.
Daily Walks
30-60 Minutes
At least one substantial walk daily, preferably two, to maintain physical health and provide mental stimulation through exploration.
AmStaffs enjoy varied routes and environments to explore.
Vigorous Exercise
20-30 Minutes
Running, hiking, or structured play sessions to burn off energy and maintain muscle tone. Games of chase and tug-of-war are favorites.
These activities tap into their natural athleticism.
Mental Stimulation
Daily
Training sessions, puzzle toys, and canine sports to challenge their intelligent minds and prevent boredom-related behaviors.
A mentally understimulated AmStaff may become destructive.
Weekly Exercise Schedule
- Daily: 30-60 minutes of walking + 20-30 minutes of vigorous activity
- 4-5 times per week: Off-leash running in secure areas or participation in dog sports
- Weekly: Structured training sessions or participation in canine sports like agility
- Ongoing: Access to puzzle toys and interactive games
Exercise Considerations
American Staffordshire Terriers have medium to high energy levels and need consistent daily exercise. Without adequate physical and mental stimulation, they may develop behavioral issues such as excessive barking, digging, or chewing. Their intelligence means they require both physical and mental challenges to stay content. Due to breed-specific legislation in some areas, always exercise your AmStaff in secure areas and be mindful of local regulations.
Diet & Food
Proper nutrition is essential for supporting the American Staffordshire Terrier's athletic build and maintaining their overall health.
Puppy Diet
0-12 Months
High-quality puppy food formulated for large breeds, fed 3-4 times daily. Look for foods with DHA for brain development and proper calcium-phosphorus ratios for bone health.
Puppies need approximately 55-65 calories per pound of body weight.
Adult Diet
1-7 Years
High-quality adult dog food with real meat as the first ingredient, fed twice daily. Amount varies based on activity level but typically 2.5-3.5 cups daily.
Adults need approximately 30-40 calories per pound of body weight.
Senior Diet
7+ Years
Senior formula with joint supplements, fewer calories, and adjusted protein levels. Monitor weight closely and adjust portions as needed.
Seniors need approximately 25-35 calories per pound of body weight.
Nutritional Requirements
- Protein: 22-26% from high-quality animal sources for muscle maintenance
- Fat: 12-16% for energy and coat health
- Joint Support: Glucosamine and chondroitin for joint health, important for this athletic breed
- Omega Fatty Acids: Support skin health and maintain glossy coat
- Controlled Portions: Avoid overfeeding to prevent obesity
Feeding Considerations
American Staffordshire Terriers can be prone to food allergies, which may manifest as skin irritation or gastrointestinal issues. If your AmStaff shows signs of itching, ear infections, or digestive problems, consult your veterinarian about potential food allergies. Using a slow-feeder bowl can help prevent bloat, and always avoid vigorous exercise immediately after meals.
Health & Care
American Staffordshire Terriers are generally healthy with a lifespan of 12-16 years, but like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions.
Common Health Concerns
| Health Condition | Description | Prevention/Management |
|---|---|---|
| Hip Dysplasia | Genetic condition where hip joint doesn't develop properly | Proper nutrition, maintain healthy weight, low-impact exercise |
| Elbow Dysplasia | Developmental abnormality of the elbow joint | Weight management, joint supplements, moderate exercise |
| Skin Allergies | Can be prone to environmental or food allergies | Identify and avoid triggers, veterinary management |
| Demodicosis | Skin condition caused by Demodex mites | Good nutrition, stress reduction, veterinary treatment |
| Progressive Retinal Atrophy | Degenerative eye disorder leading to blindness | Regular eye exams, genetic testing of breeding stock |
| Cerebellar Ataxia | Neurological disorder affecting coordination | Genetic testing, supportive care |
Grooming Requirements
The American Staffordshire Terrier's short coat is relatively low-maintenance but requires regular care:
At-Home Care
Weekly
Brush weekly with a rubber curry brush or hound glove to remove loose hair and distribute natural oils. Bathing only when necessary (every 4-6 weeks).
Their short coat sheds moderately year-round.
Special Care
As Needed
Regular nail trimming, ear cleaning, and dental care. Use gentle, hypoallergenic shampoo to avoid skin irritation.
Weekly ear cleanings help prevent wax buildup and infections.
Preventive Care
- Regular Veterinary Visits: Annual check-ups, more frequently for seniors
- Vaccinations: Keep up to date with core vaccines
- Parasite Prevention: Regular flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
- Dental Care: Regular brushing and professional cleanings
- Weight Management: Maintain healthy weight to reduce joint stress
Training & Behavior
Training an American Staffordshire Terrier requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of their intelligent but sometimes strong-willed nature.
Training Approach
- Positive Reinforcement: Use reward-based training with treats, praise, and play
- Start Early: Begin training and socialization from puppyhood
- Keep Sessions Engaging: Short, varied sessions to maintain attention
- Be Consistent: Use the same commands and expectations consistently
- Make it Fun: Incorporate games and variety to keep them engaged
Socialization Needs
Early and ongoing socialization is crucial for American Staffordshire Terriers:
- Puppy Classes: Enroll in puppy kindergarten for early socialization
- Various Environments: Expose to different people, places, and situations
- Other Animals: Carefully supervised introductions to other pets
- Positive Experiences: Ensure new experiences are positive and not overwhelming
Training Tips
American Staffordshire Terriers are intelligent and eager to please but can be strong-willed. They respond best to training that respects their intelligence while establishing clear leadership. Avoid harsh training methods as these can damage the bond with your dog and may lead to resistance. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but can also become bored with repetition, so keeping training sessions engaging and varied is important. These dogs excel in various dog sports including agility, obedience, and tracking.
Common Behavioral Issues
- Separation Anxiety: May develop if left alone too much due to their strong attachment to family
- Dog Aggression: Can develop toward other dogs, even with proper socialization
- Prey Drive: Strong instinct to chase small animals
- Stubbornness: May ignore commands if they see no benefit
- Destructive Behavior: Chewing or other destructive behaviors if understimulated
Living Environment
American Staffordshire Terriers are adaptable dogs that can thrive in various living situations when their exercise and mental stimulation needs are met.
Ideal Home Setup
- Space: Can adapt to apartment living with sufficient daily exercise
- Yard: Secure, fenced yard is highly recommended for play and training
- Climate: Tolerate various climates but need protection from extreme weather
- Indoor Access: Should live indoors as part of the family, not kept outdoors
Family Compatibility
- Children: Patient and loving with children when properly socialized, but all interactions should be supervised
- Other Pets: May coexist with other pets if raised together; caution with small animals due to prey drive
- Seniors: Suitable for active seniors who can meet their exercise needs
- First-time Owners: Better suited for experienced dog owners
Important Considerations
American Staffordshire Terriers are subject to breed-specific legislation in many areas worldwide, including various countries and municipalities. Potential owners should research local laws and regulations before acquiring an AmStaff. Additionally, these dogs require responsible ownership, proper containment, and adequate liability insurance in some cases. Their powerful build and potential for dog aggression mean they should always be leashed or in securely fenced areas when outdoors.
Best Living Situation
The ideal home for an American Staffordshire Terrier is with an active family or individual who:
- Has previous experience with strong, confident breeds
- Can provide daily exercise and mental stimulation
- Has time for consistent training and socialization
- Values a loyal, affectionate companion
- Has a secure yard or access to safe exercise areas
Role & Purpose
Throughout history, American Staffordshire Terriers have served in various roles, transitioning from working dogs to beloved companions.
Historical Roles
- Farm Dog: Used as versatile helpers on farms for vermin control and protection
- Hunting Companion: Assisted in hunting various game
- Guardian: Protected property and family
- Military Service: Served as messenger and mascot dogs in World War I
Modern Roles
- Family Companion: Loyal and affectionate family pet
- Performance Sports: Excel in agility, obedience, and other dog sports
- Therapy Work: Can be trained as therapy dogs with proper temperament
- Show Dog: Successful in conformation shows
- Working Dog: Still capable of various working roles
Historical Significance
The American Staffordshire Terrier's ancestors were originally developed in England from crosses between bulldogs and terriers. When these dogs came to America, immigrants used them for various purposes including hunting, herding, and protection. The breed was developed to be slightly larger than its English counterpart while maintaining the loyal, courageous temperament that made them valuable working partners and family guardians.
Breed Strengths
- Loyalty: Deeply devoted to their families
- Courage: Proverbial bravery and protective instincts
- Intelligence: Quick learners capable of complex tasks
- Versatility: Adaptable to various roles and environments
- Stamina: Good endurance for various activities
Cost & Availability
American Staffordshire Terriers are a moderately popular breed with specific considerations regarding cost and availability.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase Price | $1,500 - $3,000 | From reputable breeders; show quality at higher end |
| Adoption Fee | $200 - $500 | From breed-specific rescues or shelters |
| Initial Supplies | $300 - $600 | Crate, bed, bowls, collar, leash, toys |
| Initial Vet Care | $200 - $400 | Exams, vaccinations, spay/neuter |
| Training Classes | $100 - $300 | Puppy kindergarten and basic obedience |
Annual Costs
- Food: $500 - $800 for high-quality dog food
- Veterinary Care: $400 - $800 for routine care, vaccines, preventatives
- Preventive Medications: $200 - $400 for flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
- Training/Activities: $200 - $500 for ongoing classes or dog sports
- Miscellaneous: $200 - $400 for toys, treats, replacements
- Pet Insurance: $400 - $800 annually for comprehensive coverage
Availability
- Breeders: Moderate number of reputable breeders; research carefully
- Rescues: Available through breed-specific rescues and shelters
- Popularity: Ranked 85th most popular AKC breed in 2020
- Geographic Variation: More common in some regions than others
- Waiting Period: May need to wait for a puppy from a good breeder
Financial Considerations
Beyond routine expenses, potential AmStaff owners should budget for possible costs related to breed-specific legislation, including higher insurance premiums or additional containment requirements. The initial investment in a well-bred puppy from health-tested parents can help reduce the risk of expensive health issues later in life. Their intelligence and energy level mean they benefit from ongoing training and activities, which represents an additional ongoing expense.
Similar Breeds
If you're interested in the American Staffordshire Terrier but want to explore similar breeds, consider these alternatives:
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Smaller English cousin with similar appearance and temperament. Known for being particularly good with children and described as the "nanny dog."
American Pit Bull Terrier
Close relative with similar ancestry but different breed standards. Recognized by UKC but not AKC. Often confused with AmStaffs.
Bull Terrier
Distinctive egg-shaped head with similar muscular build. Developed from similar ancestry but bred for different purposes and appearance.
Boxer
Similar energy level and family orientation with different appearance. Known for playful, patient temperament with children.
Breed Comparison
| Breed | Similarities to AmStaff | Key Differences |
|---|---|---|
| Staffordshire Bull Terrier | Similar appearance, temperament, and ancestry | Smaller size, specifically bred for compatibility with children |
| American Pit Bull Terrier | Nearly identical ancestry, similar appearance and build | Different breed standards, not AKC recognized, often lighter build |
| Bull Terrier | Shared bulldog-terrier ancestry, muscular build | Distinctive head shape, different temperament, more comical personality |
| Boxer | Similar energy level, family orientation, protective instincts | Different appearance, longer muzzle, different ancestry |
Frequently Asked Questions
When properly bred and socialized, American Staffordshire Terriers can be excellent family dogs. They are known for their loyalty, affection toward family members, and patience with children. However, due to their strength and potential for dog aggression, they require responsible ownership, proper training, and supervision around children and other pets. They are best suited for families with experience handling strong, confident breeds who can provide consistent training and socialization.
American Staffordshire Terriers are often confused with pit bulls but are a distinct breed recognized by the American Kennel Club. While they share common ancestry with American Pit Bull Terriers and other bull-and-terrier breeds, the AmStaff was developed as a separate breed with its own breed standard. The term "pit bull" typically refers to several breeds and mixes, while American Staffordshire Terrier is a specific AKC-recognized breed with established bloodlines and breed characteristics.
Well-bred American Staffordshire Terriers are not inherently human-aggressive and are typically confident, good-natured companions. However, the breed can be prone to dog aggression, which may develop even in well-socialized individuals. Proper breeding, early socialization, consistent training, and responsible ownership are crucial for developing a stable temperament. It's important to note that breed-specific legislation often targets AmStaffs and similar breeds due to misconceptions about their temperament.
American Staffordshire Terriers need moderate to high levels of exercise—at least 60 minutes of vigorous activity daily. This should include walks, more intense exercise like running or playing fetch, and mental stimulation through training or puzzle toys. Without adequate exercise, they may develop behavioral issues. Their athletic build and energy level mean they enjoy and benefit from regular, structured physical activity combined with mental challenges.
American Staffordshire Terriers are intelligent and eager to please, which makes them generally trainable, but they can be strong-willed and require consistent, positive training methods. They respond well to reward-based training but may become bored with repetition. Early socialization and obedience training are essential. Their intelligence means they learn quickly, but their confidence requires an owner who can establish clear leadership through positive reinforcement rather than harsh methods.
American Staffordshire Terriers are generally healthy with a lifespan of 12-16 years, but they can be prone to certain health conditions. Common issues include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, skin allergies, demodicosis, and various eye conditions. Responsible breeders screen for these conditions. Regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, and maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent or manage many health issues. Potential owners should seek breeders who perform health testing on their breeding stock.
American Staffordshire Terriers can adapt to apartment living if their exercise needs are met, but they are better suited to homes with access to outdoor space. Apartment dwellers must be committed to providing multiple daily walks and trips to secure areas for running and play. Their moderate size and generally quiet nature make them adaptable to smaller living spaces, but their energy level requires dedicated owners who can ensure they receive adequate physical and mental stimulation daily.
The average lifespan of an American Staffordshire Terrier is 12-16 years. With proper care, some individuals may live even longer. Factors that influence lifespan include genetics, diet, exercise, preventive veterinary care, and management of any breed-specific health issues. Responsible breeding practices that screen for genetic conditions can contribute to longer, healthier lives for these dogs. Regular veterinary check-ups, proper nutrition, and maintaining a healthy weight can all help extend your AmStaff's lifespan.
Bottom Line: Is an American Staffordshire Terrier Right for You?
The American Staffordshire Terrier is a remarkable breed that combines strength, intelligence, and loyal companionship in one impressive package. These confident, good-natured dogs offer unwavering devotion to their families, impressive athletic ability, and the courage that has become proverbial. However, they're not the right choice for everyone. Their potential for dog aggression, exercise requirements, and need for consistent training and socialization demand an owner who's prepared for the commitment. If you're an experienced dog owner with time for daily exercise, consistent training, and the responsibility to properly manage and socialize a powerful breed, the American Staffordshire Terrier might be your perfect loyal companion. This historic breed rewards dedicated owners with years of devotion, protection, and the unique satisfaction of living with one of America's most misunderstood but truly remarkable canine treasures.
References and Further Readings
1- Cardiological Reference Intervals in Adult American Staffordshire Terriers
2- American Staffordshire Terrier - Wikipedia
3- American Staffordshire Terrier - ScienceDirect
4- Juvenile‐onset polyneuropathy in American Staffordshire Terriers
5- American Staffordshire Terrier Dog Breed Information - Purina
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