Andrea Arden 
Dachshund
Dachshund: The Spirited Sausage Dog
Bold, Curious, and Full of Character
The Dachshund, affectionately known as the "wiener dog" or "sausage dog," is a small breed with a big personality. With their distinctive long body, short legs, and courageous spirit, these little dogs have captured hearts worldwide for centuries. Originally bred in Germany to hunt badgers, their tenacious nature and determination remain defining traits.
Dachshunds come in three coat varieties (smooth, longhaired, and wirehaired) and two sizes (standard and miniature), offering a surprising diversity within the breed. Despite their small stature, they possess the heart and courage of a much larger dog, often unaware of their own size limitations.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about the Dachshund—from their fascinating hunting origins to their specific care requirements and whether this spirited, loyal breed might be the perfect addition to your family.
Basic Information
The Dachshund is a small scent hound breed known for its long body, short legs, and bold personality. These determined dogs were originally bred for hunting and maintain their courageous nature today as beloved companions.
| Other Names | Wiener Dog, Sausage Dog, Doxie, Teckel |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Hound (AKC) |
| Origin | Germany |
| Height | Standard: 8-9 inches; Miniature: 5-6 inches |
| Weight | Standard: 16-32 lbs; Miniature: 11 lbs and under |
| Lifespan | 12-16 years |
| Coat Varieties | Smooth, Longhaired, Wirehaired |
| Colors | Red, black & tan, chocolate & tan, cream, wild boar, and more |
| Temperament | Curious, brave, stubborn, playful, loyal |
| Energy Level | Moderate to High - requires regular exercise |
| Good With | Families, singles, other pets (with proper introduction) |
Did You Know?
The Dachshund's name literally means "badger dog" in German ("Dachs" = badger, "Hund" = dog). Their unique body shape was specifically developed to allow them to enter badger burrows during hunts. Their loose skin helped protect them from injury underground, and their large, paddle-shaped paws made them efficient diggers.
History and Origin
The Dachshund has a rich history dating back several centuries in Germany, where they were meticulously bred for their hunting prowess.
German Origins
The breed was developed in Germany as early as the 15th century to hunt badgers, with their unique body shape specifically engineered for this purpose. Their long, low-slung bodies allowed them to enter badger setts, while their loud bark helped hunters locate them underground. The smaller miniature Dachshunds were later bred to hunt rabbits and other smaller prey.
Different coat varieties were developed for different hunting conditions: smooth coats for burrow work, longhaired for colder climates, and wirehaired for rough terrain and protection from thorny brush. The breed's popularity spread throughout Europe, and they were particularly favored by royalty, including Queen Victoria.
Symbolic Significance
In Germany, the Dachshund has long been considered a symbol of the country. Their popularity temporarily declined during World War I due to anti-German sentiment, but rebounded afterward. The breed was even used as the first official mascot for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, named Waldi. Today, Dachshunds remain one of the most recognizable and popular breeds worldwide, consistently ranking in the top 15 most registered breeds with the AKC.
Breed Development Timeline
- 15th Century: Early development in Germany for badger hunting
- 17th Century: Refinement of breed characteristics
- 19th Century: Development of miniature variety for rabbit hunting
- 1885: Recognized by American Kennel Club
- Early 1900s: Popularity spreads throughout Europe and America
- 1970s: Official mascot of Munich Olympics
- 21st Century: Consistently among most popular breeds worldwide
Appearance & Physical Traits
Dachshunds are instantly recognizable for their distinctive long body and short legs, but they come in considerable variety in terms of size, coat, and color.
Physical Characteristics
- Body: Long, muscular, and low to the ground with prominent breastbone
- Legs: Short, sturdy, and slightly bowed with strong bone structure
- Head: Elongated with slight convex skull and pronounced stop
- Eyes: Medium-sized, almond-shaped, dark with an energetic expression
- Ears: Rounded, set near top of head, not too far forward
- Tail: Set in continuation of spine, carried in slight curve
Coat Varieties and Colors
Dachshunds come in three distinct coat types, each with unique characteristics:
- Smooth Coat: Short, shiny, and dense with a sleek appearance
- Longhaired: Silky, slightly wavy hair with feathering on ears, chest, and tail
- Wirehaired: Short, thick, rough outer coat with softer undercoat and distinct beard
- Colors: Solid red or cream; two-color patterns including black & tan, chocolate & tan; patterns like dapple, brindle, and sable
Size Variations
Dachshunds come in two distinct size categories:
- Standard: 8-9 inches tall, 16-32 pounds
- Miniature: 5-6 inches tall, 11 pounds and under
- Proportion: Body length should be in proportion to height (approximately 2:1)
- Weight Classification: Some countries recognize "tweenie" size between standard and miniature
Temperament & Personality
The Dachshund's temperament combines courage, intelligence, and a sometimes stubborn independence that reflects their hunting heritage.
Loyal & Devoted
Dachshunds form strong bonds with their families and can be quite protective. They often choose one particular person as their favorite while remaining affectionate to all family members.
Courageous & Tenacious
Bred to face dangerous prey underground, Dachshunds possess remarkable courage for their size. They rarely back down from a challenge and can be surprisingly fearless.
Curious & Inquisitive
With their strong scent hound heritage, Dachshunds are naturally curious and love to investigate their surroundings. Their nose often leads them into mischief.
Playful & Entertaining
Dachshunds have a playful, clownish side that provides endless entertainment. They enjoy games and interactive play, often developing amusing habits and rituals.
Important Temperament Considerations
Dachshunds can be stubborn and independent, which can present training challenges. Their hunting background means they may have strong prey drives and chase small animals. Some can be wary of strangers and may bark excessively if not properly trained. Early socialization is crucial to prevent timidity or aggression. Their intelligence means they need mental stimulation to prevent boredom and destructive behaviors. Dachshunds can be prone to separation anxiety if left alone for long periods. Their strong personality means they need consistent, patient leadership.
Temperament Traits
Exercise & Activity Needs
Dachshunds have moderate exercise requirements but need regular activity to stay physically and mentally healthy while protecting their unique spine.
Daily Walks
20-40 Minutes
Regular leash walks provide necessary exercise and mental stimulation. Multiple shorter walks are preferable to one long walk to protect their back.
Avoid jumping and strenuous activities that stress the spine.
Play Sessions
15-30 Minutes
Interactive play with toys, gentle fetch, or food puzzles provides mental stimulation. Supervised play in securely fenced areas allows safe exploration.
Monitor for signs of back strain during play.
Mental Stimulation
Daily
Puzzle toys, scent games, and short training sessions provide necessary mental exercise. Their intelligent, curious nature needs regular challenges.
Prevents boredom and destructive behaviors.
Weekly Exercise Schedule
- Daily: 20-40 minutes of walking + 15-30 minutes of play
- 4-5 times per week: Training sessions or puzzle toys
- Weekly: Opportunities for safe, supervised exploration in secure areas
- Ongoing: Access to chew toys and interactive games
Exercise Considerations
Due to their long spine, Dachshunds are prone to intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Avoid activities that involve jumping on/off furniture or climbing stairs. Use ramps for furniture access when possible. Maintain a healthy weight to reduce spinal stress. Watch for signs of back pain including reluctance to move, crying out, or difficulty rising. In warm weather, exercise during cooler parts of the day to prevent overheating. Always use a harness instead of a collar to reduce neck strain. Regular, moderate exercise helps maintain muscle support for the spine.
Diet & Nutrition
Proper nutrition is crucial for Dachshunds, who can be prone to obesity and back problems without careful weight management.
Puppy Diet
0-12 Months
High-quality small breed puppy food formulated for controlled growth, fed 3-4 times daily. Look for appropriate calcium-phosphorus balance for bone development.
Puppies need frequent, measured meals for proper growth.
Adult Diet
1-7 Years
High-quality adult dog food with balanced protein (18-25%) and controlled calories. Adults typically need ½-1 cup daily, divided into two meals.
Adjust portions based on activity level and metabolism.
Senior Diet
7+ Years
Senior formula with joint support, controlled calories, and adjusted nutrient levels. Monitor weight as metabolism slows and adjust portions accordingly.
Seniors may need smaller, more frequent meals.
Nutritional Requirements
- Protein: High-quality sources for muscle maintenance
- Fat: Controlled levels to prevent obesity
- Omega Fatty Acids: Support skin, coat, and joint health
- Joint Support: Glucosamine and chondroitin for spinal health
- Portion Control: Critical to prevent weight gain and spinal stress
Feeding Considerations
Dachshunds are prone to obesity, which significantly increases their risk of back problems. Measure food carefully and limit treats to no more than 10% of daily calories. Some Dachshunds may be prone to food allergies or sensitivities, so monitor for digestive issues or skin problems. Elevated feeding stations can help reduce strain on their neck and back. Provide fresh water at all times. Avoid rapid eating by using slow feeder bowls or puzzle feeders. Consult your veterinarian for specific dietary recommendations based on your Dachshund's age, size, and activity level.
Health & Care
Dachshunds are generally healthy with a lifespan of 12-16 years, but like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions, particularly related to their unique body structure.
Common Health Concerns
| Health Condition | Description | Prevention/Management |
|---|---|---|
| Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) | Spinal disc problems causing pain, nerve damage, or paralysis | Weight management, avoid jumping, use ramps, proper lifting |
| Obesity | Weight gain that stresses the spine and joints | Portion control, regular exercise, limited treats |
| Dental Issues | Crowded teeth leading to periodontal disease | Regular brushing, dental chews, professional cleanings |
| Eye Problems | Progressive retinal atrophy, cataracts, dry eye | Regular veterinary eye exams, proper nutrition |
| Epilepsy | Neurological disorder causing seizures | Medication management, veterinary care |
| Skin Issues | Allergies, color dilution alopecia | Proper grooming, allergy management, veterinary care |
Grooming Requirements
Dachshund grooming needs vary significantly by coat type but all require regular attention to maintain health and appearance.
Smooth Coat
Low Maintenance
Weekly brushing with soft brush or grooming mitt. Occasional bathing. Regular ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental care.
Easy-care coat requires minimal grooming.
Longhaired & Wirehaired
Moderate Maintenance
Longhaired: Regular brushing to prevent mats. Wirehaired: Hand-stripping or clipping 2-4 times yearly. Both need regular professional grooming.
Higher maintenance coats require more attention.
Preventive Care
- Regular Veterinary Visits: Annual check-ups, more frequently for seniors
- Dental Care: Daily brushing and professional cleanings as needed
- Weight Management: Regular monitoring to prevent obesity
- Spinal Care: Avoid jumping, use ramps, proper lifting techniques
- Parasite Prevention: Regular flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
Training & Behavior
Training a Dachshund requires patience, consistency, and creativity due to their intelligent but independent and sometimes stubborn nature.
Training Approach
- Positive Reinforcement: Use reward-based training with high-value treats, praise, and play
- Short Sessions: Keep training brief (5-10 minutes) to maintain their attention
- Early Start: Begin training and socialization from 8-10 weeks old
- Consistency: Establish clear rules and expectations from the beginning
- Make it Fun: Incorporate games and variety to prevent boredom
Socialization Needs
Early and ongoing socialization is crucial for Dachshunds:
- Puppy Classes: Enroll in puppy kindergarten for early socialization
- Various Environments: Expose to different people, places, and situations
- Other Animals: Supervised introductions to other pets, particularly small animals
- Positive Experiences: Ensure new experiences are positive and not overwhelming
Training Tips
Dachshunds respond best to positive reinforcement methods and can be sensitive to harsh corrections. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may choose not to obey if not properly motivated. House training may require extra patience and consistency. Crate training is highly recommended for house training and providing a safe space. Socialization is particularly important to prevent wariness of strangers or aggression toward other dogs. Remember that Dachshunds mature slowly and may retain puppy-like behaviors for 2-3 years. Their strong prey drive means recall training requires high-value rewards and secure environments.
Common Behavioral Issues
- Stubbornness: May ignore commands if not properly motivated
- Excessive Barking: Alert barking that can become problematic
- Digging: Natural instinct that may be directed at furniture or yards
- Separation Anxiety: May develop if left alone too much
- Resource Guarding: Some may guard food, toys, or sleeping areas
Living Environment
Dachshunds are adaptable and can thrive in various living situations when their specific needs, particularly regarding their spine, are met.
Ideal Home Setup
- Space: Excellent for apartments and small homes
- Safety Modifications: Ramps for furniture, gates for stairs
- Indoor Access: Should live indoors as part of the family
- Outdoor Space: Securely fenced yard ideal but not essential
Family Compatibility
- Children: Good with gentle, respectful children
- Other Pets: Generally good with other dogs; may chase small pets
- Seniors: Excellent companions for moderately active individuals
- First-time Owners: Good choice with proper research and commitment
Important Considerations
Dachshunds are companion animals that thrive on human interaction and don't do well when left alone for long periods. Their long spine requires special precautions including ramps for furniture access, gates for stairs, and careful handling. Potential owners should be prepared for potential health issues common to the breed and associated veterinary costs. Their strong personality means they need consistent leadership and boundaries. Their hunting background means they may chase small animals and should always be leashed or in securely fenced areas. Early socialization is crucial for well-adjusted behavior.
Best Living Situation
The ideal home for a Dachshund is with an individual or family who:
- Has time for companionship and moderate exercise
- Can provide a safe environment with spinal precautions
- Values an intelligent, loyal companion with personality
- Is patient with training and potential stubbornness
- Can manage potential health issues and costs
Cost & Availability
Dachshunds are popular with specific considerations regarding cost and availability.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase Price | $1,000 - $3,500+ | From reputable breeders; rare colors/patterns at higher end |
| Adoption Fee | $200 - $600 | From shelters or breed-specific rescues |
| Initial Supplies | $300 - $600 | Crate, bed, bowls, harness, ramps, toys |
| Initial Vet Care | $200 - $500 | Exams, vaccinations, spay/neuter, microchip |
| Training Classes | $100 - $300 | Puppy kindergarten and basic obedience |
Annual Costs
- Food: $300 - $600 for high-quality dog food
- Veterinary Care: $400 - $1,000+ for routine care and potential health issues
- Grooming: $200 - $600 for supplies or professional grooming
- Preventive Medications: $200 - $400 for flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
- Training/Activities: $100 - $300 for ongoing classes or activities
- Miscellaneous: $200 - $500 for toys, treats, replacements
Availability
- Breeders: Numerous breeders available but research is essential
- Rescues: Available through shelters and breed-specific rescues
- Popularity: Consistently among top 15 most popular breeds in the U.S.
- Geographic Variation: Available throughout the country
- Waiting Period: May be wait for puppies from reputable breeders
Similar Breeds
If you're interested in the Dachshund but want to explore similar breeds, consider these alternatives:
Basset Hound
Similar low-slung body and scent hound heritage but larger with different temperament. More laid-back and less energetic than Dachshunds.
Corgi
Similar short-legged body but different heritage and temperament. More energetic and herding-oriented with different personality traits.
Jack Russell Terrier
Similar energy level and determination but different body type. More intense, higher energy, and different care requirements.
Beagle
Similar scent hound heritage and friendly nature but different body type. Typically more food-motivated and easier to train.
Frequently Asked Questions
Dachshunds can be good with children when properly socialized and raised with them, but their small size and long back make them vulnerable to injury from rough handling. They're best suited for families with older children who understand how to handle dogs gently. Always supervise interactions between Dachshunds and young children, and teach children proper handling techniques, including supporting the dog's back and chest when picking them up. Early socialization and positive experiences with children are crucial for developing good relationships.
Dachshunds tend to be vocal dogs with a surprisingly loud bark for their size. As hunting dogs bred to bark when tracking prey underground, they have a natural tendency to be alert barkers. They may bark at strangers, unusual sounds, or other animals. With consistent training, you can manage excessive barking, but it's unlikely to eliminate it completely. Proper socialization, adequate exercise, and mental stimulation can help reduce nuisance barking. Teaching a "quiet" command and providing appropriate outlets for their energy can also help manage their vocal tendencies.
Dachshunds can be challenging to house train due to their stubborn nature and small bladder size. They often require more time, patience, and consistency than many other breeds. Crate training, establishing a strict routine, and using positive reinforcement are essential for success. Take your Dachshund out frequently, especially after meals, naps, and play sessions. Be prepared for accidents and avoid punishment, which can make the problem worse. Some Dachshunds may never be completely reliable, particularly in bad weather, so many owners use indoor potty options like pee pads or artificial grass as backups.
Dachshunds are generally long-lived dogs with a typical lifespan of 12-16 years. With excellent care, some may live even longer. Miniature Dachshunds often live slightly longer than standards. Factors that influence lifespan include genetics, diet, exercise, preventive veterinary care, and management of breed-specific health issues. Providing a healthy lifestyle with proper weight management, regular veterinary check-ups, spinal care, and attention to their specific needs can help ensure your Dachshund lives a long, healthy life. Be aware that their long spine makes them prone to back problems that can affect quality of life and longevity.
Dachshunds can typically handle being alone for a standard workday (8-9 hours) if properly trained and provided with appropriate stimulation, but they're companion dogs that prefer company. They're prone to separation anxiety, so gradual training to accept alone time is important. Provide interactive toys, comfortable resting areas, and consider a dog walker or doggy daycare for longer days. Puppies and younger dogs shouldn't be left alone for extended periods. Some Dachshunds may develop destructive behaviors or anxiety if left alone too much, so assess your individual dog's needs and temperament.
Dachshunds can get along with other dogs, especially when raised with them, but their strong prey drive means they may chase cats or other small pets. Early socialization is crucial for positive interactions with other animals. Some Dachshunds do best as only pets or with dogs of similar size and energy level. Their sometimes dominant nature may lead to conflicts with other strong-willed dogs. Always supervise introductions and interactions, particularly with smaller animals. With proper introduction and management, many Dachshunds live happily with other pets, but their hunting instincts should always be considered.
Dachshunds have moderate exercise needs—typically 30-60 minutes of activity daily. This should include leash walks and play sessions. While they're active indoors and enjoy play, they also need mental stimulation to prevent boredom. Their exercise requirements vary by individual, with younger dogs typically needing more activity. It's important to balance sufficient exercise with spinal protection—avoid strenuous activities that involve jumping or excessive stair climbing. Regular, moderate exercise helps maintain muscle tone to support their long back and prevents obesity, which is a significant health risk for the breed.
Dachshunds can be suitable for first-time owners who are prepared for their specific needs and challenges. Their small size and adaptability to various living situations are advantages, but their stubbornness, potential for barking, and specific health considerations require commitment. First-time owners should be prepared to invest time in training, socialization, and learning about the breed's unique characteristics, particularly spinal care. Attending puppy classes, working with a trainer, and thorough research can help ensure success. The ideal first-time Dachshund owner is patient, consistent, and willing to establish clear leadership.
Bottom Line: Is a Dachshund Right for You?
The Dachshund is a beloved breed for good reason—these charismatic, loyal, and entertaining dogs form deep bonds with their families and provide years of companionship. Their distinctive appearance, moderate size, and big personality contribute to their enduring popularity. However, they're not the right choice for everyone. Their unique body structure requires special precautions to prevent back injuries, and their determined, sometimes stubborn nature presents training challenges. Their strong prey drive and tendency to bark require management. If you're looking for a loyal, entertaining companion with plenty of personality and are prepared for their specific needs—including spinal care, consistent training, and potential health considerations—the Dachshund might be your perfect match. This spirited breed rewards dedicated owners with unwavering loyalty, endless entertainment, and a larger-than-life personality in a small package.
Reference and Further Readings
1- Worried vets lay out the long and low of dachshund health issues | British Veterinary Association
2- DachsLife 2015: an investigation of lifestyle associations with IVDD | PMC
3- Postural stability measures in healthy miniature Dachshunds | PMC
4- Minimum dietary methionine requirements in Miniature Dachshunds | PMC
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