Dawn Lowery 
Newfoundland
Newfoundland: The Gentle Giant
Patient, Devoted, and Heroic
The Newfoundland is a giant working dog breed known for its immense size, gentle temperament, and remarkable water rescue abilities. These noble giants combine impressive physical strength with a remarkably sweet and patient nature, making them wonderful family companions despite their formidable appearance.
Originally bred by fishermen in Newfoundland, Canada for water rescue work, Newfoundlands have saved countless lives over the centuries. Their webbed feet, water-resistant coat, and gentle disposition made them ideal for pulling nets and rescuing drowning sailors in the treacherous Atlantic waters.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about the Newfoundland—from their fascinating Canadian origins to their specific care requirements and whether this gentle giant might be the right companion for your lifestyle and experience level.
Basic Information
The Newfoundland is a giant breed known for its massive size, gentle disposition, and heroic history as a water rescue dog. Despite their formidable appearance, these dogs are typically calm, patient, and affectionate with their families.
| Other Names | Newfie, Newf |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Working (AKC) |
| Origin | Newfoundland, Canada |
| Height | 26-28 inches (males 28", females 26") |
| Weight | 100-150 pounds (males 130-150, females 100-120) |
| Lifespan | 8-10 years |
| Coat | Flat, coarse, water-resistant; black, brown, gray, or Landseer |
| Colors | Black, brown, gray, Landseer (white with black markings) |
| Temperament | Gentle, patient, sweet-natured, devoted, courageous |
| Energy Level | Moderate - requires regular but not strenuous exercise |
| Good With | Families, children, other pets when properly socialized |
Did You Know?
Newfoundlands are natural lifeguards with incredible water rescue instincts. They have partially webbed feet that make them powerful swimmers, and their water-resistant double coat protects them from cold waters. One famous Newfoundland is credited with saving Napoleon Bonaparte after he fell into rough waters. The breed was so valued for water rescue that at one point, English lifeguard stations were required to have two Newfoundland dogs as part of their equipment. Author J.M. Barrie based the character "Nana" in Peter Pan on his own Newfoundland, further cementing their reputation as wonderful "nanny dogs" for children.
History and Origin
The Newfoundland boasts a rich history dating back to the 18th century when they were developed in Newfoundland, Canada as working dogs for fishermen.
Canadian Origins
The breed's development began in the northeast corner of Canada in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Irish and English fishermen working off the Atlantic coast in the 19th century discovered two distinct breeds of working dogs native to the region - one being the ancestor of the modern Labrador Retriever, and the other becoming the Newfoundland.
These dogs quickly became essential to the fishing industry of northern Canada. Fishermen and ship captains welcomed them aboard as unofficial crew members, utilizing the breed for water rescues. Their webbed feet, powerful swimming ability, and resistance to cold made them ideal for saving drowning sailors and hauling fishing nets. The breed's strength and gentle temperament made them perfect for this demanding work.
Rescue Heritage and Modern Development
By the 20th century, Newfoundlands were officially welcomed into the American Kennel Club, and since 1930, the Newfoundland Club of America has served as the official parent club for the breed. The breed's reputation as a rescue dog became legendary, with stories of Newfoundlands saving people from shipwrecks and dangerous waters. Their gentle nature also made them beloved family companions. Today, while modern Newfoundlands are rarely used for commercial fishing work, they retain the gentle, watchful nature and water rescue instincts that made them ideal for this work. Many still participate in water rescue trials and make excellent therapy dogs.
Breed Development Timeline
- 18th Century: Developed in Newfoundland, Canada as working dogs for fishermen
- 19th Century: Used extensively for water rescue and fishing assistance
- Early 20th Century: Gained popularity in England and United States
- 1930: Newfoundland Club of America founded
- 20th Century: AKC recognition and transition to family companion
- Present Day: Beloved family companion, show dog, and water rescue competitor
Appearance & Physical Traits
The Newfoundland is an impressively large, powerful dog with a noble expression and substantial build designed for water rescue work.
Physical Characteristics
- Body: Powerful, substantial, and muscular with strong bone structure
- Head: Massive, broad with a sweet expression and small ears that lie close to the head
- Eyes: Medium size, dark brown with intelligent, friendly expression
- Ears: Small, set close to the head, lying flat
- Tail: Strong and acts as a rudder when swimming
- Feet: Large, webbed for superior swimming ability
- Gait: Powerful, smooth, and effortless with good reach
Coat and Colors
The Newfoundland comes in several color varieties, all with specific characteristics:
- Coat Types: Flat, coarse, water-resistant double coat with soft, dense undercoat
- Color Patterns: Solid colors or Landseer (white with black markings)
- Colors: Black, brown, gray, and Landseer (white with black markings)
- Coat Function: Water-resistant quality perfect for swimming in cold waters
- Grooming Needs: Regular brushing required due to heavy shedding
Size and Proportion
Newfoundlands are among the largest dog breeds with substantial dimensions:
- Height: Males 28 inches; females 26 inches at shoulder
- Weight: Males 130-150 pounds; females 100-120 pounds
- Build: Powerful and substantial with balanced proportions
- Substance: Heavy bone and substantial muscle mass
Temperament & Personality
The Newfoundland's temperament combines gentle patience with watchful devotion, creating a calm yet alert family companion.
Gentle & Patient
Newfoundlands are famously gentle and patient, especially with children. Their calm demeanor and tolerance make them excellent family companions and earned them the nickname "nanny dog."
Water-Loving
Bred to be water rescue dogs, Newfs are naturally drawn to water and are powerful swimmers. Their webbed feet and water-resistant coat make them excellent swimmers.
Calm & Dignified
Despite their size, Newfoundlands are generally calm indoors and have a dignified presence. They're content to lounge near their family but are always alert to their surroundings.
Devoted & Protective
Newfoundlands are typically devoted to their families and have a protective instinct. They're known to physically place themselves between their family and potential danger.
Important Temperament Considerations
Newfoundlands are generally calm and gentle but require proper socialization from an early age due to their size. Their massive stature means that even accidental bumps can be problematic, so they need to be taught appropriate behavior around people, especially children. They mature slowly, both physically and mentally, and may not reach full maturity until 3 years of age. Newfoundlands can be reserved with strangers but should never be shy or aggressive without cause. Early positive experiences with various people, places, and situations are crucial for developing a well-adjusted adult. Their gentle nature means they thrive on positive reinforcement training methods and do not respond well to harsh correction. Their love of water means supervision around pools and bodies of water is essential.
Temperament Traits
Exercise & Activity Needs
Despite their large size, Newfoundlands have moderate exercise requirements and are generally calm indoors but enjoy regular activity.
Daily Exercise
45-60 Minutes
Regular walks, gentle play sessions, or swimming activities. Newfoundlands benefit from consistent, moderate exercise rather than strenuous activity.
Avoid over-exercising puppies to protect developing joints.
Mental Stimulation
Daily
Training sessions, puzzle toys, and scent work provide necessary mental challenges. Their intelligent nature needs regular engagement.
Prevents boredom while accommodating their calm nature.
Swimming
Weekly
Swimming, water retrieval, or other water-based activities. Newfoundlands are natural swimmers with water-resistant coats and webbed feet.
Excellent low-impact exercise for joint health.
Weekly Exercise Schedule
- Daily: 45-60 minutes of walking divided into multiple shorter sessions
- 4-5 times per week: Short training sessions or interactive games
- Weekly: Opportunities for swimming or water play
- Ongoing: Access to appropriate chew toys and mental stimulation
Exercise Considerations
Newfoundland puppies should not be over-exercised during their growth period to protect developing joints. Avoid strenuous exercise like long runs or jumping until they reach physical maturity around 18-24 months. These giant breeds are prone to joint issues, so maintaining a healthy weight is crucial. Newfoundlands are sensitive to heat due to their heavy build and thick coat, so exercise during cooler parts of the day in warm weather and provide plenty of fresh water. They're not built for endurance activities but enjoy gentle walks and swimming. Always use a sturdy leash and properly fitted harness for walks, as their strength can be difficult to manage if they pull. Be mindful of their size when choosing walking routes to avoid obstacles.
Diet & Nutrition
Proper nutrition is essential for Newfoundlands, who require a carefully balanced diet to support their giant size and prevent rapid growth.
Puppy Diet
0-18 Months
Large breed puppy food formulated for controlled growth, fed 3-4 times daily. Proper calcium-phosphorus balance is crucial for bone development.
Puppies need frequent, measured meals for proper skeletal growth.
Adult Diet
1.5-6 Years
High-quality adult giant breed dog food with balanced protein and controlled calories. Adults typically need 4-5 cups daily, divided into two meals.
Adjust portions based on activity level and metabolism.
Senior Diet
6+ Years
Senior formula with joint support, controlled calories, and adjusted nutrient levels. Monitor weight as metabolism slows and adjust portions accordingly.
Seniors may need smaller, more frequent meals.
Nutritional Requirements
- Protein: Moderate levels from high-quality sources (22-26%)
- Fat: Controlled levels to prevent excessive weight gain
- Joint Support: Glucosamine and chondroitin for joint health
- Calcium-Phosphorus Balance: Crucial for proper bone development
- Portion Control: Critical to prevent obesity and related health issues
Feeding Considerations
Newfoundlands are deep-chested dogs prone to bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus), a life-threatening condition. Feed multiple small meals rather than one large meal, and avoid vigorous exercise before and after eating. Elevated feeding stations may actually increase bloat risk. Monitor for food allergies, which can manifest as skin issues. Always provide fresh water and avoid rapid eating by using slow feeder bowls if necessary. Newfoundlands are prone to obesity, which can exacerbate joint problems, so careful portion control is essential. Consult your veterinarian for specific dietary recommendations based on your Newfoundland's age, activity level, and health status. The cost of feeding a Newfoundland can be substantial due to their size, averaging $100+ per month.
Health & Care
Newfoundlands are generally healthy but like many giant breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions and have a shorter lifespan than smaller dogs.
Common Health Concerns
| Health Condition | Description | Prevention/Management |
|---|---|---|
| Hip & Elbow Dysplasia | Developmental abnormalities of joints | Weight management, proper nutrition, screening breeding dogs |
| Bloat (GDV) | Life-threatening stomach torsion | Multiple small meals, no exercise around mealtimes, preventive surgery |
| Heart Conditions | Dilated cardiomyopathy, other cardiac issues | Regular cardiac screening, medication management |
| Cystinuria | Bladder stones causing inflammation and discomfort | Special diet, increased water intake, veterinary monitoring |
| Eye Problems | Entropion, ectropion, cherry eye | Regular eye exams, surgical correction if needed |
| Skin Issues | Hot spots, allergies, skin fold infections | Regular grooming, proper diet, veterinary care |
Grooming Requirements
The Newfoundland's beautiful coat requires regular maintenance to keep it healthy and mat-free.
Regular Brushing
2-3 Times Weekly
Brushing with slicker brush or undercoat rake. Daily brushing during heavy shedding seasons. Regular ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental care.
Heavy shedding occurs during seasonal changes.
Professional Grooming
Every 6-8 Weeks
Professional grooming for thorough coat care, nail trimming, and sanitary trims. Regular bathing to maintain coat health and manage shedding.
Helps maintain coat health and manage shedding.
Preventive Care
- Regular Veterinary Visits: Semi-annual check-ups recommended for giants
- Dental Care: Daily brushing and professional cleanings as needed
- Weight Management: Critical to prevent joint stress and other issues
- Joint Health: Appropriate exercise and supplements as recommended
- Parasite Prevention: Regular flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
Training & Behavior
Training a Newfoundland requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of their intelligent but sometimes independent nature.
Training Approach
- Positive Reinforcement: Use reward-based training with high-value treats, praise, and affection
- Early Start: Begin training and socialization from 8-10 weeks old
- Consistency: Establish clear rules and expectations from the beginning
- Gentle Methods: Newfoundlands are sensitive and do not respond well to harsh correction
- Short Sessions: Keep training brief and engaging to maintain focus
Socialization Needs
Early and extensive socialization is crucial for Newfoundlands:
- Puppy Classes: Enroll in puppy kindergarten for early socialization
- Various Environments: Expose to different people, places, and situations
- Controlled Introductions: Supervised meetings with various people and animals
- Positive Experiences: Ensure new experiences are positive and not overwhelming
Training Tips
Newfoundlands respond best to positive reinforcement methods and patient, consistent training. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may challenge commands that seem arbitrary. Socialization is particularly important to ensure they develop into well-adjusted adults comfortable with their size. Training should focus on establishing reliable obedience and solid manners, with special emphasis on not jumping up or leaning on people due to their massive size. Remember that Newfoundlands mature slowly and may not reach full mental maturity until 2-3 years of age. Be patient and consistent, and celebrate small victories. These gentle giants excel when training is built on mutual trust and respect. Early leash training is essential for managing their size and strength.
Common Behavioral Issues
- Leaning: May lean against people, which can be problematic due to size
- Drooling: Heavy drooling, especially after eating or drinking
- Stubbornness: May ignore commands if not properly motivated
- Separation Anxiety: Can develop when left alone for long periods
- Barking: May bark to alert or when bored
Living Environment
Newfoundlands can adapt to various living situations when their needs for space, comfort, and companionship are met.
Ideal Home Setup
- Space: Best suited for homes with ample indoor space and access to a yard
- Secure Fencing: Important for safety and peace of mind
- Indoor Access: Should live indoors as part of the family
- Comfortable Resting: Orthopedic beds to support joints, multiple resting areas
- Water Access: Safe access to water for swimming is ideal
Family Compatibility
- Children: Generally excellent with children; supervision with young children due to size
- Other Pets: Usually good with other pets when properly introduced
- Seniors: May be suitable for less active households due to calm nature
- First-time Owners: Possible with proper research and commitment to training
Important Considerations
Newfoundlands are massive dogs that require proper space and accommodations. Their size means they can accidentally knock over furniture, people, or children. They need sturdy, appropriately sized equipment including beds, bowls, and crates. Potential owners should be prepared for significant shedding, drooling, and substantial food and veterinary costs. Newfoundlands are best suited for households where someone is home regularly, as they thrive on companionship. They're sensitive to extreme temperatures and need climate-controlled environments. Their shorter lifespan means owners must be prepared for the heartbreak of losing their companion sooner than with smaller breeds. Always consider the practicalities of transporting a giant breed before acquiring one.
Best Living Situation
The ideal home for a Newfoundland is with an individual or family who:
- Has adequate space for a giant breed
- Can provide consistent training and socialization
- Values a calm, gentle companion
- Can afford substantial food and veterinary costs
- Is prepared for shedding, drooling, and shorter lifespan
Cost & Availability
Newfoundlands are a less common breed with specific considerations regarding cost and availability.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase Price | $1,500 - $3,000+ | From reputable breeders; show quality at higher end |
| Adoption Fee | $300 - $600 | From shelters or breed-specific rescues |
| Initial Supplies | $500 - $1,000+ | Extra-large crate, bed, bowls, collar, leash, grooming tools |
| Initial Vet Care | $500 - $1,000 | Exams, vaccinations, spay/neuter, microchip |
| Training Classes | $200 - $500 | Puppy kindergarten and basic obedience |
Annual Costs
- Food: $1,000 - $1,800+ for high-quality giant breed dog food
- Veterinary Care: $800 - $2,000+ for routine care and potential health issues
- Grooming: $400 - $800 for supplies or professional grooming
- Preventive Medications: $400 - $800 for flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
- Training/Activities: $200 - $500 for ongoing classes or activities
- Miscellaneous: $400 - $800 for toys, treats, replacements
- Insurance: $800 - $1,500+ for giant breed insurance
Availability
- Breeders: Fewer reputable breeders available; research essential
- Rescues: Available through shelters and breed-specific rescues
- Popularity: Less common than many breeds; consistent but not widespread
- Geographic Variation: Available throughout the country but less common
- Waiting Period: Often wait for puppies from reputable breeders
Similar Breeds
If you're interested in the Newfoundland but want to explore similar breeds, consider these alternatives:
Leonberger
Similar giant size and gentle temperament but with different coat and heritage. Generally more energetic with different exercise needs.
Saint Bernard
Similar giant size and gentle nature but with different coat and heritage. Generally more drool-prone with different exercise needs.
Bernese Mountain Dog
Similar size and working heritage but with different coat and temperament. Generally more energetic with different health considerations.
Great Pyrenees
Similar giant size and guardian heritage but with different coat and temperament. Generally more independent with different exercise needs.
Frequently Asked Questions
Newfoundlands can be excellent family pets for the right families. They're typically gentle, patient, and affectionate with children they're raised with. However, their massive size means supervision is essential, especially with young children who could be accidentally knocked over. They form strong bonds with their families and are generally calm and affectionate indoors. Newfoundlands are known for their gentle nature and protective instincts, which can make them excellent family guardians. They're best suited for families with adequate space and who can manage their substantial size, drooling, and potential health issues. With proper training, socialization, and care, Newfoundlands can be wonderful family companions.
Despite their giant size, Newfoundlands have relatively moderate exercise needs. They typically require 45-60 minutes of daily activity, preferably divided into multiple sessions. This should include gentle walks and opportunities for swimming. Newfoundlands are not endurance athletes and can overheat easily due to their size and thick coat. Puppies should not be over-exercised to protect developing joints. Mental stimulation is also important for this intelligent breed. While they enjoy outdoor time, Newfoundlands are generally calm indoors and are often described as having a calm demeanor who are content to lounge with their families. Their exercise requirements make them suitable for moderately active households, though they still need regular activity to maintain health.
Newfoundlands are not typically aggressive, but they are protective guardians with instincts to defend their family and territory. With proper socialization and training, they learn to distinguish between normal situations and genuine threats. They're generally calm and friendly rather than overtly aggressive. However, their protective nature means they may be wary of strangers and react defensively if they perceive a threat. This is why early and ongoing socialization is crucial. In the hands of inexperienced owners or without proper training, their protective instincts can become problematic. Well-bred Newfoundlands should have stable temperaments and be neither shy nor aggressive without cause. Responsible ownership and proper training are essential for well-adjusted behavior.
Newfoundlands can adapt to apartment living if their exercise needs are properly met, but they're generally better suited to homes with more space. Their giant size means they need adequate room to move comfortably indoors, and they can accidentally damage furniture or belongings in tight spaces. Additionally, their substantial size can make navigating stairs difficult, especially as they age. While exceptionally well-trained Newfoundlands might adapt to apartment life with dedicated owners who provide sufficient exercise and access to outdoor areas, this breed is generally better suited for homes with more space. Apartment dwellers must be committed to providing daily walks and regular trips to parks or other areas where the dog can exercise properly.
Newfoundlands typically get along well with other pets, especially when raised with them from puppyhood. Their generally calm and gentle nature makes them good companions for other animals. However, their massive size means interactions should always be supervised, especially with smaller pets who could be accidentally injured. Proper introduction and supervision are essential when adding new pets to the household. Early socialization helps them learn to interact appropriately with other animals. Some Newfoundlands may have a higher prey drive and chase smaller animals, so careful management is necessary, particularly with cats or other small pets. With proper training and socialization, most Newfoundlands live happily with other animals, but their interactions should always be monitored.
The average lifespan of a Newfoundland is 8-10 years, which is typical for giant breeds but shorter than smaller dogs. With excellent care, some individuals may live slightly longer, but it's uncommon for Newfoundlands to reach 10 years. Factors that influence lifespan include genetics, diet, exercise, preventive veterinary care, and management of breed-specific health issues. Providing a healthy lifestyle with proper weight management, regular veterinary check-ups, attention to joint health, and prompt treatment of any health concerns can help ensure your Newfoundland lives a long, healthy life. Be aware that like all giant breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions like joint dysplasia, cardiac issues, and bloat that can affect quality of life and longevity.
Newfoundlands are intelligent and generally eager to please, but they can be stubborn and independent thinkers. They respond best to positive reinforcement training, patience, and consistency. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may challenge commands that don't seem purposeful to them. Early socialization and obedience training are crucial. Their independent thinking means they may not always obey immediately, especially if they perceive a more pressing guardian duty. Training requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of the breed's characteristics. They're best suited for owners who can provide confident, gentle leadership. While not the easiest breed to train, they're certainly trainable with the right approach and dedication.
Newfoundlands can be challenging for first-time dog owners due to their massive size, strength, potential health issues, and substantial costs. Their size alone makes them difficult to manage for inexperienced owners. However, their generally calm temperament and moderate exercise needs can make them more manageable than some other large breeds. A dedicated first-time owner who does thorough research, works with experienced trainers, commits to proper socialization, and is prepared for the financial responsibility could potentially succeed with a Newfoundland. That said, most experts recommend starting with a less challenging breed. If a first-time owner chooses a Newfoundland, professional training classes, mentorship from experienced owners, and careful selection from a reputable breeder are highly recommended.
Bottom Line: Is a Newfoundland Right for You?
The Newfoundland is a magnificent giant breed with a heroic history and remarkably gentle, patient nature. These water rescue experts combine immense size with a sweet disposition that belies their formidable appearance. However, they're not the right choice for everyone. Their massive size, substantial costs, potential health issues, and shorter lifespan require committed, prepared owners. They thrive in homes with adequate space and families who understand and respect their giant breed needs. If you're prepared for the challenges of owning a gentle giant and can provide the necessary training, proper healthcare, and loving environment, a Newfoundland might be your perfect companion. This noble breed rewards dedicated owners with unwavering loyalty, gentle affection, and a heroic spirit that has saved countless lives throughout history.
References and Further Readings
1- Nutrition Basics - Newfoundland Dog Health Center
2- Keeping your Newfoundland Healthy - A Look at Diet & Condition
3- Raw diets for dogs and cats: a review, with particular reference to public health risks
4- Newfoundland Dietary Needs and Feeding Guide
5- Fresh vs Raw Dog Food vs Kibble: Which Diet Is Best For Your Dog?
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