Andrea Arden 
Swedish Vallhund
Swedish Vallhund: The Viking Dog
Smart, Sociable, and Full of Energy
The Swedish Vallhund, often called the "Viking Dog," is a small but sturdy herding breed with a history dating back over 1,000 years to the Viking era in Sweden. These long and low dogs with boundless energy were originally bred to herd cattle, and their intelligence, cheerful demeanor, and unique vocalizations make them captivating companions.
With their wolf-like appearance and spitz characteristics, Swedish Vallhunds are often mistaken for Corgis, though they are a distinct breed with their own unique heritage. These versatile working dogs have transitioned from herding cattle on Swedish farms to beloved family companions and competitive sport dogs.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about the Swedish Vallhund—from their fascinating Viking history and distinctive characteristics to their care requirements and whether this intelligent, energetic breed might be the perfect addition to your active household.
Basic Information
The Swedish Vallhund is a small, sturdy herding breed known for its wolf-like appearance, energetic personality, and intelligence. These dogs were originally bred for herding cattle and have maintained their working instincts through centuries.
| Other Names | Viking Dog, Swedish Cattle Dog, Västgötaspets |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Herding (AKC) |
| Origin | Sweden |
| Height | 12.5-13.5 inches at shoulder |
| Weight | 20-35 pounds |
| Lifespan | 12-15 years |
| Coat | Medium-length, dense double coat |
| Colors | Gray, grayish brown, grayish yellow, reddish brown |
| Temperament | Intelligent, alert, energetic, friendly, vocal |
| Energy Level | High - requires substantial daily exercise |
| Good With | Families, active singles, other dogs (with socialization) |
Did You Know?
The Swedish Vallhund has been featured on postage stamps in multiple countries including Sweden, Nicaragua, Ukraine, Mali, Russia, and Tajikistan. This is quite remarkable for a relatively uncommon breed and speaks to their unique appeal and cultural significance. The breed's versatility is also exceptional - they have excelled in herding, agility, flyball, obedience, vermin control, search and rescue, and have even been trained to sniff out valuable truffles.
History and Origin
The Swedish Vallhund has a rich history dating back over 1,000 years to the Viking era in Sweden, where they were developed as versatile farm dogs.
Viking Origins
The breed's origins can be traced to 8th century Sweden, where they were known as "Vikingarnas Hund" or the "Viking Dog." These sturdy little herders were developed in the province of Västergötland to herd cattle, guard homesteads, and control vermin. Their low stature allowed them to nip at the heels of cattle while avoiding kicks, making them exceptionally effective herding dogs.
Historical evidence suggests that the Swedish Vallhund may be related to the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, though there's debate about which breed came first. One theory suggests that Vikings brought Vallhunds to Wales during their raids, where they contributed to the development of the Corgi. Another theory proposes that Corgis were taken to Sweden, influencing the Vallhund's development.
Near Extinction and Revival
By 1942, the Swedish Vallhund breed had nearly disappeared. The breed was saved from extinction through the efforts of Count Björn von Rosen and K. G. Zettersten, who launched a careful breeding program to revive the Vallhund. They searched throughout Västergötland for the best remaining specimens and established a breeding program that successfully brought the breed back from the brink. The Swedish Kennel Club officially recognized the breed in 1943, categorizing it as "the Västgötaspets" after the province of its revival.
Breed Development Timeline
- 8th-9th Century: Developed in Sweden during Viking era
- 1942: Near extinction; revival efforts begin
- 1943: Recognized by Swedish Kennel Club
- 1980s: Gained recognition in United Kingdom
- 2007: Recognized by American Kennel Club
- Present: Remains uncommon but growing in popularity worldwide
Appearance & Physical Traits
The Swedish Vallhund is a small, powerful dog with a long body, short legs, and a distinctive wolf-like appearance that reflects their spitz heritage.
Physical Characteristics
- Body: Long and low with strong, muscular build
- Head: Wedge-shaped with distinct stop
- Eyes: Medium-sized, oval, dark brown with black eye rims
- Ears: Medium-sized, prick ears, pointed at tips
- Tail: Natural variation - born with no tail, stub tail, or full curled tail
- Coat: Medium length with harsh topcoat and soft undercoat
Coat and Colors
The Swedish Vallhund's coat is practical for outdoor work and distinctive in appearance:
- Coat Type: Double coat with soft, dense undercoat and harsh, close topcoat
- Texture: Weather-resistant, medium length
- Colors: Gray, grayish brown, grayish yellow, reddish brown with darker guard hairs
- Markings: Lighter shades on muzzle, throat, chest, belly; harness markings on shoulders
- White Markings: Permitted as blaze, neckstop, or markings on legs and chest (max 30%)
- Grooming: Regular brushing required, especially during shedding seasons
Size and Proportion
Swedish Vallhunds are small but substantial dogs:
- Height (Female): 11.5-12.5 inches at the shoulder
- Height (Male): 12.5-13.5 inches at the shoulder
- Weight: 20-35 pounds
- Build: Rectangular, slightly longer than tall
- Substance: Sturdy and muscular despite small size
Temperament & Personality
The Swedish Vallhund combines intelligence, energy, and a cheerful disposition in a package that makes them both excellent working dogs and engaging companions.
Intelligent & Alert
Vallhunds are highly intelligent with excellent problem-solving abilities. They're always aware of their surroundings and make excellent watchdogs, quickly alerting their families to anything unusual.
Energetic & Active
Bred for herding, these dogs have boundless energy and enthusiasm. They thrive on activity and need both physical and mental stimulation to stay happy and well-behaved.
Friendly & Affectionate
Swedish Vallhunds form strong bonds with their families and are typically good with children. They're cheerful companions who want to be involved in family activities.
Vocal & Expressive
These dogs are known for their unique vocalizations, from barks to "talking" sounds. They use their voice to express themselves and alert their owners.
Important Temperament Considerations
Swedish Vallhunds are high-energy, intelligent dogs who require substantial daily exercise and mental stimulation. Without proper outlets for their energy, they can become destructive or develop behavioral issues. Their herding heritage means they may try to herd children or other pets by nipping at heels, so this behavior should be redirected early. They can be reserved with strangers initially but are typically not aggressive. Early socialization is crucial to ensure they develop into well-adjusted adults. Their intelligence means they need mental challenges to prevent boredom. They're generally good with other dogs when properly socialized but may be too energetic for some pets. Their vocal nature means they can be excessive barkers without proper training.
Temperament Traits
Exercise & Activity Needs
Swedish Vallhunds have high exercise requirements due to their energy levels and working heritage. They thrive with active owners who can provide both physical and mental stimulation.
Daily Exercise
60-90 Minutes
Vigorous daily exercise including walks, runs, and active play sessions. Vallhunds need opportunities to burn energy and explore their environment.
Multiple sessions throughout the day may work best.
Mental Stimulation
Daily
Training sessions, puzzle toys, and scent work provide essential mental exercise. Their intelligence requires regular challenges to prevent boredom.
Mental exercise can be as tiring as physical activity.
Activities & Sports
Weekly
Vallhunds excel at dog sports including agility, herding trials, obedience, rally, tracking, and flyball. These activities channel their energy and intelligence.
Great for bonding and fulfilling working instincts.
Weekly Exercise Schedule
- Daily: 60-90 minutes of walking, running, or active play
- Daily: Training sessions and mental stimulation
- 3-4 times per week: More vigorous activity like hiking or dog sports
- Weekly: Opportunities for socialization with other dogs
- Ongoing: Access to safe outdoor space for exploration
Exercise Considerations
Swedish Vallhunds are athletic dogs built for endurance, but their exercise should be adjusted based on age, health, and weather conditions. Puppies require controlled exercise to protect developing joints and bones. Adults can handle substantial activity but should be conditioned gradually for intense sports. In warm weather, exercise should be scheduled during cooler parts of the day and plenty of water provided. Their double coat provides insulation but can cause overheating in extreme heat. Mental stimulation is as important as physical exercise for this intelligent breed. Without adequate exercise and mental stimulation, they may develop destructive behaviors or become excessive barkers. Always use a leash or secure fencing, as their herding instincts may lead them to chase moving objects.
Diet & Nutrition
Proper nutrition is essential for Swedish Vallhunds, who are active dogs with specific dietary needs to support their energy levels and overall health.
Puppy Diet
0-12 Months
High-quality puppy food formulated for small to medium breeds, fed 3-4 times daily. Proper nutrition is crucial for controlled growth and development.
Puppies need frequent, measured meals for proper growth.
Adult Diet
1-7 Years
High-quality adult dog food with balanced protein and controlled calories. Adults typically need 1-1.5 cups daily, divided into two meals.
Adjust portions based on activity level and metabolism.
Senior Diet
7+ Years
Senior formula with joint support, controlled calories, and adjusted nutrient levels. Monitor weight as metabolism slows with age.
Seniors may need smaller, more frequent meals.
Nutritional Requirements
- Protein: High-quality sources for muscle maintenance in active dogs
- Fat: Moderate levels from quality sources for energy
- Omega Fatty Acids: Support skin, coat, and joint health
- Joint Support: Glucosamine and chondroitin for joint health
- Portion Control: Important to prevent weight gain
Feeding Considerations
Swedish Vallhunds can be prone to obesity if overfed and underexercised. Measure food carefully and adjust portions based on activity level. Some Vallhunds may have food sensitivities, so monitor for digestive issues or skin problems. Avoid rapid eating by using slow feeder bowls or puzzle feeders. Provide fresh water at all times. Dental health is important, so consider dental chews or teeth brushing. Active and working dogs may need significantly more calories than less active pets. Consult your veterinarian for specific dietary recommendations based on your dog's age, size, and activity level. Maintaining a healthy weight is particularly important for this long-backed breed to reduce stress on the spine.
Health & Care
Swedish Vallhunds are generally healthy with a lifespan of 12-15 years, but like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions.
Common Health Concerns
| Health Condition | Description | Prevention/Management |
|---|---|---|
| Hip Dysplasia | Developmental condition affecting hip joints | Genetic screening, weight management, joint supplements |
| Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) | Genetic eye disorder leading to blindness | Genetic testing of breeding dogs, regular eye exams |
| Patellar Luxation | Knee cap dislocation common in small breeds | Weight management, avoid jumping, surgical correction if severe |
| Cataracts | Clouding of the eye lens affecting vision | Regular eye exams, possible surgical correction |
| Dental Disease | Common in small breeds due to crowded teeth | Regular dental care, brushing, professional cleanings |
| Back Problems | Potential issues due to long back | Weight management, avoid jumping from heights |
Grooming Requirements
The Swedish Vallhund's double coat requires regular maintenance to keep it healthy and manage shedding.
Regular Brushing
2-3 Times Weekly
Brush with a slicker brush or undercoat rake to remove loose hair and prevent mats. Regular brushing helps manage shedding and distribute skin oils.
Daily brushing during seasonal shedding periods.
Bathing & Maintenance
Monthly or As Needed
Bathing as needed with gentle dog shampoo. Regular ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental care. Minimal professional grooming required.
Regular maintenance prevents health issues.
Preventive Care
- Regular Veterinary Visits: Annual check-ups, more frequently for seniors
- Dental Care: Daily brushing and professional cleanings as needed
- Weight Management: Regular monitoring to prevent joint stress
- Eye Care: Regular monitoring for signs of PRA or cataracts
- Parasite Prevention: Regular flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
Training & Behavior
Training a Swedish Vallhund requires consistency, positive methods, and an understanding of their intelligent but sometimes independent nature.
Training Approach
- Positive Reinforcement: Use reward-based training with high-value treats, praise, and play
- Short Sessions: Keep training brief (5-10 minutes) to maintain their attention
- Early Start: Begin training and socialization from 8-10 weeks old
- Consistency: Establish clear rules and expectations from the beginning
- Make it Fun: Incorporate games and variety to prevent boredom
Socialization Needs
Early and ongoing socialization is crucial for Swedish Vallhunds:
- Puppy Classes: Enroll in puppy kindergarten for early socialization
- Various Environments: Expose to different people, places, and situations
- Other Animals: Supervised introductions to other pets with attention to herding instincts
- Positive Experiences: Ensure new experiences are positive and not overwhelming
Training Tips
Swedish Vallhunds respond best to positive reinforcement methods and can be sensitive to harsh corrections. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may become bored with repetition. Make training rewarding and engaging to maintain their interest. House training may require extra patience and consistency. Crate training is highly recommended for house training and providing a safe space. Socialization is particularly important to prevent excessive wariness of strangers. Their herding heritage means they may try to herd children or other pets by nipping at heels, so this behavior should be redirected early. Their intelligence and athleticism make them excellent candidates for dog sports like agility, obedience, and herding trials. Early and ongoing training helps channel their energy and intelligence in positive directions.
Common Behavioral Issues
- Excessive Barking: Alert barking at unusual sounds or sights
- Herding Behavior: Nipping at heels, particularly with children or running pets
- Destructiveness: If bored or under-exercised
- Stubbornness: May resist training they find boring or repetitive
- Separation Anxiety: Can develop if not properly conditioned to alone time
Living Environment
Swedish Vallhunds are adaptable and can thrive in various living situations when their exercise and mental stimulation needs are met.
Ideal Home Setup
- Space: Adaptable to apartments with sufficient exercise
- Climate: Tolerate various climates thanks to double coat
- Indoor Access: Should live indoors as part of the family
- Outdoor Space: Secure yard beneficial but not essential with regular walks
Family Compatibility
- Children: Good with children when properly socialized
- Other Pets: Generally good with other dogs, caution with small pets
- Active Owners: Ideal for runners, hikers, and outdoor enthusiasts
- First-time Owners: Possible with commitment to training and exercise
Important Considerations
Swedish Vallhunds are companion animals that thrive on human interaction and activity. They're best suited for households where someone is home regularly or can take the dog to work, though they can adapt to being alone for reasonable periods if properly exercised beforehand. Their high energy means they need substantial daily exercise and mental stimulation. Their herding instincts mean they may try to herd children or other pets, so supervision and training are important. Potential owners should appreciate their alert watchdog nature and vocal tendencies. Their moderate size makes them suitable for various living situations, but their energy level requires commitment. They do best in homes where they're treated as family members and included in daily activities.
Best Living Situation
The ideal home for a Swedish Vallhund is with an individual or family who:
- Has an active lifestyle with time for substantial daily exercise
- Values an intelligent, trainable companion for activities and sports
- Can provide consistent training and mental stimulation
- Is patient with training and understands the breed's herding nature
- Is committed to proper socialization and preventive healthcare
Cost & Availability
Swedish Vallhunds are relatively uncommon with specific considerations regarding cost and availability.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase Price | $1,000 - $2,000 | From reputable breeders; show quality at higher end |
| Adoption Fee | $200 - $500 | From shelters or breed-specific rescues |
| Initial Supplies | $300 - $600 | Crate, bed, bowls, collar, leash, grooming tools |
| Initial Vet Care | $200 - $500 | Exams, vaccinations, spay/neuter, microchip |
| Training Classes | $100 - $300 | Puppy kindergarten and basic obedience |
Annual Costs
- Food: $400 - $700 for high-quality dog food
- Veterinary Care: $400 - $800 for routine care and potential health issues
- Grooming: $200 - $400 for supplies or professional grooming
- Preventive Medications: $200 - $400 for flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
- Training/Activities: $100 - $300 for ongoing classes or activities
- Miscellaneous: $200 - $500 for toys, treats, replacements
Availability
- Breeders: Limited number of reputable breeders; research is essential
- Rescues: Available through shelters and breed-specific rescues
- Popularity: Uncommon but growing in recognition
- Geographic Variation: More common in certain regions; may require travel
- Waiting Period: Often significant wait for puppies from reputable breeders
Similar Breeds
If you're interested in the Swedish Vallhund but want to explore similar breeds, consider these alternatives:
Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Similar appearance with short legs and long body but typically more popular and readily available. Shares herding heritage but may have different temperament characteristics.
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
Similar body type and herding background but with different tail characteristics and historically separate development. Typically slightly larger than Pembrokes.
Lancashire Heeler
Similar small herding breed with compact build but different appearance and heritage. Shares herding instincts and energetic personality.
Norwegian Buhund
Similar Scandinavian spitz heritage and herding background but larger with different proportions. Shares intelligence and energetic nature.
Frequently Asked Questions
Swedish Vallhunds can be excellent family dogs for active households. They're typically patient and gentle with children when properly socialized, and they form strong bonds with all family members. However, their herding instincts may lead them to nip at heels, particularly with running children, so this behavior should be addressed early. They're generally good with other family pets when properly introduced. Their intelligence and adaptability make them well-suited to family life, but they require consistent training and sufficient exercise to prevent behavioral issues. Families with very young children should always supervise interactions and teach children how to interact appropriately with dogs.
Swedish Vallhunds are moderate to heavy shedders. They have a double coat that sheds year-round, with particularly heavy shedding during seasonal changes in spring and fall. Regular brushing (2-3 times per week) can help manage shedding and keep their coat healthy. During shedding seasons, daily brushing may be necessary to remove loose hair. While they're not the heaviest shedders among double-coated breeds, they're not considered hypoallergenic. Their shedding is generally manageable with regular grooming, but potential owners should be prepared for some hair around the home, particularly during seasonal changes. Many owners find that the Vallhund's wonderful personality makes the grooming commitment worthwhile.
Swedish Vallhunds are highly intelligent and generally eager to please, making them responsive to positive training methods. They learn quickly when properly motivated with rewards like treats, praise, and play. However, their intelligence means they can become bored with repetition, and they may challenge owners with their independent thinking. Consistency and patience are important for successful training. Their intelligence means they benefit from varied training approaches to prevent boredom. House training may require extra time and consistency. While they may not be the easiest breed to train, their intelligence can be channeled into activities they enjoy like agility, obedience, or herding trials. Early socialization and puppy classes are highly recommended.
Swedish Vallhunds have high exercise needs—typically 60-90 minutes of vigorous activity daily, plus mental stimulation. This should include opportunities for running, ideally in a securely fenced area where they can stretch their legs. They excel at activities like hiking, running, playing fetch, and dog sports. Without adequate exercise, they can become destructive or develop behavioral issues. Their high energy levels and endurance mean they're well-suited for active individuals or families who enjoy outdoor activities. Mental stimulation through training, puzzle toys, and scent work is also important for this intelligent breed. A well-exercised Vallhund is typically a well-behaved Vallhund. They adapt well to various living situations, including apartments, as long as their exercise needs are met.
Yes, Swedish Vallhunds can adapt well to apartment living if their exercise and mental stimulation needs are met. Their moderate size makes them suitable for smaller spaces, but their high energy level means they need committed owners who can provide sufficient daily activity. Apartment dwellers should be prepared for their vocal nature and tendency to bark, which might require additional training in close-quarters living. Regular walks, visits to dog parks, and engaging indoor activities can help meet their needs in an apartment setting. Access to secure outdoor space is beneficial but not essential if the dog receives adequate walks and exercise elsewhere. Their adaptability and intelligence make them suitable for various living situations when their needs are met.
Swedish Vallhunds can get along well with other dogs, especially when raised with them from puppyhood. Their generally friendly nature typically makes them good candidates for multi-dog households. However, their strong herding instincts mean they may try to herd other pets, which should be managed with training. Early socialization is important to ensure positive interactions with other animals. Some Vallhunds may be reserved with strange dogs initially but typically warm up with proper introductions. Their hunting instincts are generally not strong, but supervision is always recommended when introducing them to new pets, particularly smaller animals that might trigger their herding instincts.
The average lifespan of a Swedish Vallhund is 12-15 years. With proper care, some individuals may live even longer. Factors that influence lifespan include genetics, diet, exercise, preventive veterinary care, and management of breed-specific health issues. Providing a healthy lifestyle with regular veterinary check-ups, proper weight management, and attention to their specific needs can help ensure your Vallhund lives a long, healthy life. Their generally robust health and careful breeding practices contribute to their longevity. Responsible breeding practices that screen for genetic conditions like hip dysplasia and progressive retinal atrophy have helped maintain the breed's overall health.
Swedish Vallhunds can be challenging for first-time dog owners due to their high energy levels, intelligence, and need for consistent training and mental stimulation. They may try to outsmart inexperienced owners and require confident leadership. However, dedicated first-time owners who are prepared to invest time in training, socialization, exercise, and learning about the breed can successfully own a Vallhund. First-time owners should be prepared to attend training classes, work with experienced trainers, and connect with experienced Vallhund owners for guidance. Their intelligence and potential for stubbornness mean they need owners who are committed to providing consistent training, leadership, and sufficient physical and mental stimulation.
Bottom Line: Is a Swedish Vallhund Right for You?
The Swedish Vallhund is a unique and energetic breed that offers intelligence, loyalty, and character in a compact package. These "Viking Dogs" carry themselves with confidence and cheerfulness that reflects their ancient heritage. Their high energy needs, intelligence, and generally good health make them appealing companions for active households. However, they're not the right choice for everyone. Their substantial exercise requirements, need for mental stimulation, and vocal nature can be challenging for owners who want a low-maintenance pet. If you're looking for an intelligent, alert companion with a rich history and distinctive appearance, and you appreciate a dog who combines working ability with devotion to family, the Swedish Vallhund might be your perfect match. This historic breed rewards dedicated owners with years of loyalty, companionship, and the unique privilege of sharing your life with a true Viking heritage dog.
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