Dawn Lowery 
Griffon Nivernais
Griffon Nivernais: The Rustic French Hunter
Tenacious, Independent, and Full of Character
The Griffon Nivernais is a distinctive French scenthound known for its rustic appearance and exceptional hunting abilities. With a history that dates back centuries, this medium-sized breed possesses a rough, tousled coat and an expression that hints at both wisdom and determination. Originally bred to hunt wolves and wild boar in the rugged terrain of central France, the Griffon Nivernais is a versatile hunter that works equally well in packs or individually.
Despite nearly disappearing after the French Revolution, dedicated enthusiasts reconstructed the breed in the 20th century, preserving this piece of French canine heritage. Today's Griffon Nivernais maintains the hardy constitution and independent spirit of its ancestors while adapting to life as a loyal companion for those who appreciate its unique qualities.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about the Griffon Nivernaisâfrom its fascinating history and distinctive characteristics to its care requirements and whether this rugged, independent breed might be the right fit for your lifestyle.
Basic Information
The Griffon Nivernais is a medium-sized scenthound breed known for its rustic appearance, endurance, and versatility in hunting. These dogs are built for stamina rather than speed, with a body constructed to work tirelessly in challenging terrain.
| Other Names | Chien de Pays, Nivernais Griffon |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Scenthound (FCI Group 6) |
| Origin | France |
| Height | 21-25 inches (males), 20-23 inches (females) |
| Weight | 49-55 pounds |
| Lifespan | 10-14 years |
| Coat | Long, rough, shaggy, and tousled |
| Colors | Wolf gray, blue gray, wild boar gray, fawn with dark hairs |
| Temperament | Independent, courageous, obstinate, friendly |
| Energy Level | Medium to High - requires regular exercise |
| Good With | Families, active owners, other dogs |
Did You Know?
The Griffon Nivernais was a favorite of French nobility before the French Revolution, with some aristocrats keeping kennels containing hundreds of these dogs. After the revolution, the breed nearly disappeared and had to be reconstructed in the 1920s using the Grand Griffon Vendéen, Otterhound, and French Foxhounds. The modern breed is about 20 cm smaller than its medieval ancestors, which were used to hunt wolves.
History and Origin
The Griffon Nivernais has a storied history that spans centuries, marked by periods of great popularity and near extinction.
Medieval Origins
The breed's origins trace back to the 13th century in the Nivernais region of central France. These dogs were developed from rough-coated hounds brought to Europe by Crusaders returning from the Balkans. Historical records suggest that King Louis IX (Saint Louis) was particularly fond of these "Grey Dogs of St. Louis," as they were then known.
Originally, the Griffon Nivernais was a much larger dog used primarily for hunting wolves and wild boar. Their rough coats provided protection from harsh weather and rough terrain, while their endurance made them valuable assets for hunters who needed dogs that could work tirelessly throughout long hunting expeditions.
Near Extinction and Reconstruction
Following the French Revolution, the breed's popularity declined dramatically as faster hunting dogs became preferred. By the late 1800s, the Griffon Nivernais was considered extinct. In 1925, a group of enthusiasts led by the Griffon Nivernais Club began reconstructing the breed using the few remaining specimens crossed with Grand Griffon Vendéen, Otterhounds, and French Foxhounds. This careful breeding program successfully revived the breed, though it remains relatively rare outside of France.
Breed Development Timeline
- 13th Century: Developed in France from Balkan hounds brought by Crusaders
- Middle Ages: Popular among French nobility for hunting large game
- Late 1800s: Considered extinct after French Revolution
- 1925: Reconstruction efforts begin with formation of breed club
- 1995: Recognized by United Kennel Club
- Present: Remains uncommon but stable population in France
Appearance & Physical Traits
The Griffon Nivernais presents a rustic, unkempt appearance that reflects its working heritage, with a body built for endurance and a coat designed for protection.
Physical Characteristics
- Body: Slightly longer than tall, robust and sturdy without being heavy
- Head: Somewhat elongated and substantial but not heavy
- Eyes: Oval, medium to dark brown with a lively, penetrating gaze
- Ears: Moderate to long length, set slightly low, hanging with inward turn
- Tail: Carried saber-fashion, may curve slightly forward over back
- Coat: Long, shaggy, rough and tousled, never woolly or curly
Coat and Colors
The Griffon Nivernais's coat is one of its most distinctive features:
- Coat Type: Double coat with rough, tousled outer coat
- Texture: Hard and bristly, providing weather resistance
- Colors: Wolf gray, blue gray, wild boar gray, or fawn with dark hairs
- Markings: Tan points on head and legs, small white chest spot allowed
- Grooming: Regular brushing required to prevent matting
Size and Proportion
Griffon Nivernais are medium-sized dogs with balanced proportions:
- Height (Female): 20-23 inches at the shoulder
- Height (Male): 21-25 inches at the shoulder
- Weight: 49-55 pounds
- Build: Slightly rectangular, emphasizing endurance over speed
- Substance: Robust and sturdy without being bulky
Temperament & Personality
The Griffon Nivernais combines independence, courage, and a generally friendly disposition, creating a complex but rewarding companion for the right owner.
Independent Thinker
Griffon Nivernais are known for their independent nature, a trait developed through centuries of making hunting decisions on their own. They can be stubborn but are capable problem-solvers.
Courageous & Determined
Bred to hunt wild boar and wolves, these dogs possess remarkable courage and determination. They approach challenges with confidence and persistence.
Friendly & Sociable
Despite their hunting background, Griffon Nivernais are typically friendly and sociable with people. They form strong bonds with their families and get along well with other dogs.
Even-Tempered
These dogs generally have stable temperaments and are not prone to sudden mood swings. They maintain composure in various situations when properly socialized.
Important Temperament Considerations
The Griffon Nivernais's independent nature can translate to stubbornness in training, requiring patience and consistency from owners. Their strong hunting instincts mean they may chase small animals, so secure containment is essential. While generally good with children, their size and energy may be overwhelming for very small children without proper supervision. Early socialization is crucial to ensure they develop into well-adjusted adults. Their vocal nature as scenthounds means they can be prone to barking, which may need to be managed in residential areas. They thrive in environments where they have a job to do or regular opportunities to use their hunting abilities.
Temperament Traits
Exercise & Activity Needs
The Griffon Nivernais has moderate to high exercise requirements that reflect its heritage as an endurance hunter. Regular physical and mental stimulation is essential for a happy, well-adjusted dog.
Daily Exercise
45-60 Minutes
Regular daily exercise including brisk walks, jogging, or hiking. These dogs enjoy opportunities to explore new environments and follow interesting scents.
Multiple shorter sessions may be preferable to one long session.
Mental Stimulation
Daily
Scent work, tracking games, and puzzle toys provide essential mental exercise. Their keen noses need regular opportunities for sniffing and exploring.
Mental stimulation can be as tiring as physical exercise.
Activities & Sports
Weekly
Griffon Nivernais excel at hunting trials, tracking, nose work, and barn hunt. These activities channel their natural abilities and strengthen the bond with owners.
Excellent for fulfilling natural instincts in a controlled environment.
Weekly Exercise Schedule
- Daily: 45-60 minutes of walking, jogging, or active play
- Daily: Scent work or tracking games for mental stimulation
- 3-4 times per week: More vigorous activity like hiking or running
- Weekly: Opportunities for off-leash exploration in secure areas
- Ongoing: Access to safe outdoor space for independent exploration
Exercise Considerations
Griffon Nivernais are built for endurance rather than speed, so activities that allow them to work at a steady pace are ideal. Always use a leash or secure fencing when outdoors, as their strong hunting instincts may lead them to follow interesting scents for miles. These dogs have good stamina for weather conditions thanks to their protective coats, but exercise should be moderated in extreme heat. Puppies require controlled exercise to protect developing joints. Mental stimulation through scent work is particularly important for this breed and can be incorporated into daily walks by allowing time for sniffing and exploration.
Diet & Nutrition
Proper nutrition is essential for the Griffon Nivernais, supporting their active lifestyle and overall health while preventing obesity.
Puppy Diet
0-12 Months
High-quality puppy food formulated for medium to large breeds, fed 3-4 times daily. Controlled growth is important for proper joint development.
Puppies need frequent, measured meals for steady growth.
Adult Diet
1-7 Years
High-quality adult dog food with balanced protein and controlled calories. Adults typically need 2-3 cups daily, divided into two meals.
Adjust portions based on activity level and metabolism.
Senior Diet
7+ Years
Senior formula with joint support, controlled calories, and adjusted nutrient levels. Monitor weight as activity levels decrease with age.
Seniors may need smaller, more frequent meals.
Nutritional Requirements
- Protein: High-quality sources for muscle maintenance in active dogs
- Fat: Moderate levels from quality sources for sustained energy
- Joint Support: Glucosamine and chondroitin for joint health
- Fiber: Adequate fiber for digestive health
- Portion Control: Important to prevent weight gain
Feeding Considerations
Griffon Nivernais can be prone to obesity if overfed and underexercised. Measure food carefully and adjust portions based on activity level. This breed may be susceptible to gastric torsion (bloat), so feed two smaller meals daily rather than one large meal and avoid vigorous exercise immediately before or after eating. Provide fresh water at all times. Dental health is important, so consider dental chews or teeth brushing. Active and working dogs may need significantly more calories than less active pets. Consult your veterinarian for specific dietary recommendations based on your dog's age, size, and activity level.
Health & Care
Griffon Nivernais are generally healthy, robust dogs with a lifespan of 10-14 years. Like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health conditions that prospective owners should be aware of.
Common Health Concerns
| Health Condition | Description | Prevention/Management |
|---|---|---|
| Ear Infections | Common in floppy-eared breeds due to reduced air circulation | Regular cleaning, keeping ears dry, monitoring for signs of infection |
| Hip Dysplasia | Developmental condition affecting hip joints | Genetic screening, weight management, joint supplements |
| Gastric Torsion (Bloat) | Life-threatening stomach twisting | Multiple small meals, no vigorous exercise around mealtimes |
| Eye Issues | Potential for various hereditary eye conditions | Regular eye exams, genetic testing of breeding dogs |
Grooming Requirements
The Griffon Nivernais's rough, double coat requires regular maintenance to keep it healthy and manage shedding.
Regular Brushing
2-3 Times Weekly
Brush with a slicker brush or undercoat rake to remove loose hair and prevent mats. Regular brushing helps manage shedding and distribute skin oils.
More frequent brushing during seasonal shedding periods.
Hand Stripping
2-3 Times Yearly
Hand stripping maintains coat texture and color. Avoid clipping, which can damage the coat quality and change its appearance over time.
Essential for preserving the characteristic coat texture.
Bathing & Maintenance
Monthly or As Needed
Bathing as needed with gentle dog shampoo. Regular ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental care. Trim hair around eyes and under ears for hygiene.
Regular maintenance prevents health issues.
Preventive Care
- Regular Veterinary Visits: Annual check-ups, more frequently for seniors
- Dental Care: Daily brushing and professional cleanings as needed
- Weight Management: Regular monitoring to prevent joint stress
- Ear Care: Weekly cleaning and inspection to prevent infections
- Parasite Prevention: Regular flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
Training & Behavior
Training a Griffon Nivernais requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of their independent nature. These intelligent dogs respond best to positive methods that respect their character.
Training Approach
- Positive Reinforcement: Use reward-based training with high-value treats, praise, and play
- Consistency: Establish clear rules and expectations from the beginning
- Early Start: Begin training and socialization from 8-10 weeks old
- Patience: Allow extra time for these independent thinkers to process commands
- Make it Meaningful: Connect training to practical purposes they understand
Socialization Needs
Early and ongoing socialization is crucial for Griffon Nivernais:
- Puppy Classes: Enroll in puppy kindergarten for early socialization
- Various Environments: Expose to different people, places, and situations
- Other Animals: Supervised introductions to other pets with attention to prey drive
- Positive Experiences: Ensure new experiences are positive and not overwhelming
Training Tips
Griffon Nivernais respond best to positive reinforcement methods and can be sensitive to harsh corrections. Their independent nature means they may question commands rather than obeying automatically. Make training rewarding and engaging to maintain their interest. Their intelligence means they learn quickly but may become bored with repetition. House training may require extra patience and consistency. Crate training is highly recommended for house training and providing a safe space. Socialization is particularly important to prevent excessive wariness of strangers. Their hunting heritage means they may have a strong prey drive, so recall training should be prioritized. Early and ongoing training helps channel their energy and intelligence in positive directions.
Common Behavioral Issues
- Stubbornness: May resist training they find boring or unnecessary
- Roaming Tendencies: Strong scent drive may lead them to wander if not contained
- Vocalization: May bark or howl, particularly when on a scent
- Destructiveness: If bored or under-exercised
- Independent Behavior: May make their own decisions rather than following commands
Living Environment
Griffon Nivernais are adaptable dogs that can thrive in various living situations when their exercise and mental stimulation needs are met.
Ideal Home Setup
- Space: Adaptable to apartments with sufficient exercise
- Climate: Tolerate various climates thanks to protective double coat
- Indoor Access: Should live indoors as part of the family
- Outdoor Space: Secure yard highly beneficial for exercise and exploration
Family Compatibility
- Children: Good with children when properly socialized
- Other Pets: Generally good with other dogs, caution with small pets
- Active Owners: Ideal for hikers, runners, and outdoor enthusiasts
- Experienced Owners: Best for owners familiar with independent breeds
Important Considerations
Griffon Nivernais are hunting dogs with strong instincts, so secure containment is essential. They should never be trusted off-leash in unsecured areas unless they have excellent recall training. Their independent nature means they may not be constantly underfoot like some breeds, but they still need family interaction and shouldn't be left alone for extended periods. Potential owners should appreciate their rustic appearance and understand that they maintain a somewhat unkempt look even when well-groomed. Their moderate energy level makes them suitable for various living situations, but their need for mental stimulation requires commitment. They do best in homes where they're treated as companions and given opportunities to use their natural abilities.
Best Living Situation
The ideal home for a Griffon Nivernais is with an individual or family who:
- Has an active lifestyle with time for regular exercise
- Values an independent, intelligent companion
- Can provide consistent training and mental stimulation
- Has experience with scenthounds or independent breeds
- Has secure outdoor space or commitment to leash walking
Cost & Availability
Griffon Nivernais are relatively rare outside of France, with specific considerations regarding cost and availability.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase Price | $1,500 - $2,500 | From reputable breeders; show quality at higher end |
| Adoption Fee | $200 - $500 | From shelters or breed-specific rescues (rare) |
| Initial Supplies | $300 - $600 | Crate, bed, bowls, collar, leash, grooming tools |
| Initial Vet Care | $200 - $500 | Exams, vaccinations, spay/neuter, microchip |
| Training Classes | $100 - $300 | Puppy kindergarten and basic obedience |
Annual Costs
- Food: $400 - $700 for high-quality dog food
- Veterinary Care: $400 - $800 for routine care and potential health issues
- Grooming: $300 - $600 for supplies or professional grooming/stripping
- Preventive Medications: $200 - $400 for flea, tick, and heartworm prevention
- Training/Activities: $100 - $300 for ongoing classes or activities
- Miscellaneous: $200 - $500 for toys, treats, replacements
Availability
- Breeders: Limited number of reputable breeders; extensive research required
- Rescues: Rarely available through shelters; breed-specific rescues uncommon
- Popularity: Uncommon outside France; growing slowly in recognition
- Geographic Variation: Primarily found in Europe; may require international travel
- Waiting Period: Often significant wait for puppies from reputable breeders
Similar Breeds
If you're interested in the Griffon Nivernais but want to explore similar breeds, consider these alternatives:
Grand Griffon Vendéen
Similar French scenthound with rough coat and hunting heritage but larger in size. Shares the independent nature and hunting drive of the Griffon Nivernais.
Otterhound
Similar shaggy-coated scenthound with webbed feet and excellent swimming ability. Shares the Griffon Nivernais's determination and vocal nature.
Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
Versatile hunting dog with similar coat texture but more biddable temperament. Shares the rustic appearance but is generally more trainable.
Basset Fauve de Bretagne
Smaller French scenthound with wiry coat and similar hunting instincts. Shares the Griffon Nivernais's determination but in a more compact package.
Frequently Asked Questions
Griffon Nivernais can be good family dogs for households that understand and appreciate their independent nature. They're typically patient and gentle with children when properly socialized, and they form strong bonds with family members. However, their hunting instincts may lead them to chase small animals, so supervision is important with smaller pets. They do best with older children who understand how to interact respectfully with dogs. Their moderate energy level makes them suitable for family life, but they require consistent training and sufficient exercise to prevent behavioral issues. Families with very young children should always supervise interactions and teach children how to interact appropriately with dogs.
Griffon Nivernais are moderate shedders. They have a double coat that sheds year-round, with heavier shedding during seasonal changes in spring and fall. Regular brushing (2-3 times per week) can help manage shedding and keep their coat healthy. During shedding seasons, more frequent brushing may be necessary to remove loose hair. Their wiry coat tends to trap shed hair, which can reduce the amount of hair around the home compared to some breeds. While they're not considered hypoallergenic, their shedding is generally manageable with regular grooming. Many owners find that the Griffon Nivernais's wonderful personality makes the grooming commitment worthwhile.
Griffon Nivernais are intelligent but can be challenging to train due to their independent nature. They learn quickly when properly motivated with rewards like treats, praise, and play, but their independent thinking means they may question commands rather than obeying automatically. Consistency and patience are important for successful training. Their intelligence means they benefit from varied training approaches to prevent boredom. House training may require extra time and consistency. While they may not be the easiest breed to train, their intelligence can be channeled into activities they enjoy like tracking, nose work, or hunting trials. Early socialization and puppy classes are highly recommended.
Griffon Nivernais have moderate to high exercise needsâtypically 45-60 minutes of activity daily, plus mental stimulation. This should include opportunities for sniffing and exploring, as their keen noses need regular exercise. They excel at activities like hiking, jogging, and scent work. Without adequate exercise, they can become destructive or develop behavioral issues. Their endurance and stamina mean they're well-suited for active individuals or families who enjoy outdoor activities. Mental stimulation through training, puzzle toys, and scent work is also important for this intelligent breed. A well-exercised Griffon Nivernais is typically a well-behaved companion. They adapt well to various living situations as long as their exercise needs are met.
Yes, Griffon Nivernais can adapt to apartment living if their exercise and mental stimulation needs are met. Their moderate size makes them suitable for smaller spaces, but their need for regular activity means they need committed owners who can provide sufficient daily exercise. Apartment dwellers should be prepared for their vocal nature and tendency to bark, which might require additional training in close-quarters living. Regular walks, visits to dog parks, and engaging indoor activities can help meet their needs in an apartment setting. Access to secure outdoor space is beneficial but not essential if the dog receives adequate walks and exercise elsewhere. Their adaptability makes them suitable for various living situations when their needs are met.
Griffon Nivernais can get along well with other dogs, especially when raised with them from puppyhood. Their generally friendly nature typically makes them good candidates for multi-dog households. However, their strong hunting instincts mean they may try to chase smaller pets, so supervision is always recommended when introducing them to new animals. Early socialization is important to ensure positive interactions with other pets. Some Griffon Nivernais may be reserved with strange dogs initially but typically warm up with proper introductions. Their hunting instincts are generally strong, so supervision is always recommended when introducing them to new pets, particularly smaller animals that might trigger their prey drive.
The average lifespan of a Griffon Nivernais is 10-14 years. With proper care, some individuals may live even longer. Factors that influence lifespan include genetics, diet, exercise, preventive veterinary care, and management of breed-specific health issues. Providing a healthy lifestyle with regular veterinary check-ups, proper weight management, and attention to their specific needs can help ensure your Griffon Nivernais lives a long, healthy life. Their generally robust health and careful breeding practices contribute to their longevity. Responsible breeding practices that screen for genetic conditions like hip dysplasia have helped maintain the breed's overall health.
Griffon Nivernais can be challenging for first-time dog owners due to their independent nature, strong hunting instincts, and need for consistent training and mental stimulation. They may try to outsmart inexperienced owners and require confident leadership. However, dedicated first-time owners who are prepared to invest time in training, socialization, exercise, and learning about the breed can successfully own a Griffon Nivernais. First-time owners should be prepared to attend training classes, work with experienced trainers, and connect with experienced Griffon Nivernais owners for guidance. Their independence and potential for stubbornness mean they need owners who are committed to providing consistent training, leadership, and sufficient physical and mental stimulation.
Bottom Line: Is a Griffon Nivernais Right for You?
The Griffon Nivernais is a unique and rustic breed that offers independence, determination, and character in a medium-sized package. These French hunting dogs carry themselves with confidence and purpose that reflects their ancient heritage. Their moderate exercise needs, intelligence, and generally good health make them appealing companions for active households. However, they're not the right choice for everyone. Their independent nature, strong hunting instincts, and need for mental stimulation can be challenging for owners who want a highly biddable or low-maintenance pet. If you're looking for an intelligent, determined companion with a rich history and distinctive appearance, and you appreciate a dog who combines hunting ability with loyalty to family, the Griffon Nivernais might be your perfect match. This historic breed rewards dedicated owners with years of companionship and the unique privilege of sharing your life with a true piece of French canine heritage.
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